A pure substance has a constant composition and cannot be separated into simpler substances by physical means. There are two types of pure substances: elements and compounds. Elements: are pure substances made up of only l type of atom. Atoms of the same element are identical in properties.
<u><em>The process of how we would obtain </em></u><u><em>ethanal</em></u><u><em> </em></u><u><em>free</em></u><u><em> from ethanol is described in the explanations below. </em></u>
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- In Chemistry, Ethanol undergoes oxidation in the presence of sodium dichromate plus sulphuric acid to yield ethanal and water.
The procedure for achieving this in the laboratory is as follows;
- Step 1; Measure a quantity of a solution of sodium dichromate acidified in a dilute sulphuric acid and pour into a test tube.
- Step 2; Add excess <em>ethanol</em>. This is because if we don't do so there will be plenty of oxidizing agent to carry out a second operation which changes the aldehyde to ethanoic acid. However, we need only the aldehyde.
- Step 3; When the aldehyde ethanal begins to form which will be evident by the change in the colour of solution from <em>orange to green</em>, then the mixture should be distilled from the test tube and tbethe aldehyde collevted so that it doesn't undergo additional oxidation into ethanoic acid.
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One system must have higher kinetic energy than the other system
Answer:
The equilibrium position will shift towards the lefthand side.
Explanation:
[CoCl4] 2- (aq) + 6H2O (l) ⇌ [Co(H2O)6] 2+ (aq) + 4 Cl- (aq)
The equation written above in exothermic as written. That is, the forward reaction is exothermic. The equilibrium position is observable by monitoring the colour change of the solution. At the left hand side, the solution is blue but at the right hand side the solution is pink. Addition of heat (in a hot water bath) will shift the equilibrium towards the left hand side, that is formation of more [CoCl4] 2- making the solution to appear blue in colour.
