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3 years ago

The ability of organisms to function within a specific range of temperatures, salinities, or rainfall amounts?

Chemistry

1 answer:

balandron [24]3 years ago

3 0

Answer:

The range of variation under which a species can function and reproduce is called its tolerance range.

Explanation:

PLZZZ MARK ME BRAINLIESTTTTT

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A chemical reaction takes place inside a flask submerged in a water bath. The water bath contains 8.10kg of water at 33.9 degree

lions [1.4K]

Answer:

The new temperature of the water bath 32.0°C.

Explanation:

Mass of water in water bath ,m= 8.10 kg = 8100 g ( 1kg = 1000g)

Initial temperature of the water = $T_1=33.9^oC=33.9+273K=306.9 K$

Final temperature of the water = $T_2$

Specific heat capacity of water under these conditions = c = 4.18 J/gK

Amount of energy lost by water = -Q = -69.0 kJ = -69.0 × 1000 J

( 1kJ=1000 J)

$Q=m\times c\times \Delta T=m\times c\times (T_2-T_1)$

$-69.0\times 1000 J=8100 g\times 4.18 J/g K\times (T_2-306.9 K)$

$-69,000.0 J=8100 g\times 4.18 J/g K\times (T_2-306.9 K)$

$T_2=304.86 K=304.86 -273^oC=31.86^oC\approx 32.0^oC$

The new temperature of the water bath 32.0°C.

5 0

3 years ago

The dehydration of the alcohol functional group is a widely used reaction in organic chemistry. The mechanism is generally accep

puteri [66]

Answer:

Elimination
Elimination
Zaitsev
Zaitsev
Carbocation

Explanation:

The mechanism is generally accepted to always operate via an ELIMINATION step-wise process.

The ELIMINATION mechanism process will always produce (after dehydration) a ZAITSEV style alkene as major product

The driving force for the production of this ZAITSEV style alkene product is generally going to be determined by stability of the CARBOCATION

Elimination mechanism is the removal of two substituents from a molecule in either a one- or two-step mechanism

Carbocation is a molecule containing a positive charged carbon atom and three bonds

3 0

3 years ago

50.0 mL solution of 0.160 M potassium alaninate ( H 2 NC 2 H 5 CO 2 K ) is titrated with 0.160 M HCl . The p K a values for the

scZoUnD [109]

Answer:

a) 6.12

b) 1.87

Explanation:

At the onset of the equivalence point (i.e the first equivalence point); alaninate is being converted to alanine.

$H_2NC_2H_5CO^-_2$ $+$ $H^+$ ------> $H_3}^+NC_2H_5CO^-_2$

1 mole of alaninate react with 1 mole of acid to give 1 mole of alanine;

therefore 50.0 mL of 0.160 M alaninate required 50.0 mL of 0.160M HCl to reach the first equivalence point.

The concentration of alanine can be gotten via the following process as shown below;

$[H_3}^+NC_2H_5CO^-_2]$ = $\frac{initial moles of alaninate}{total volume}$

$[H_3}^+NC_2H_5CO^-_2]$ = $\frac{(50.0mL)*(0.160M)}{(50.0mL+50.0mL)}$

$[H_3}^+NC_2H_5CO^-_2]$ = $\frac{8}{100mL}$

$[H_3}^+NC_2H_5CO^-_2]$ = 0.08 M

Alanine serves as an intermediary form, however the concentration of $H^+$ and the pH can be determined as follows;

$[H^+]$ = $\sqrt{\frac{K_{a1}K_{a2}{[H_3}^+NC_2H_5CO^-_2]+K_{a1}K_w}{ K_{a1}{[H_3}^+NC_2H_5CO^-_2] } }$

$[H^+]$ = $\sqrt{\frac{ (10^{-pK_{a1})}(10^{-pK_{a2})}(0.08)+(10^{-pK_{a1})}(1.0*10^{-14})} {(10^{-pK_{a1}})+(0.08)} }$

$[H^+]$ = $\sqrt{\frac{ (10^{-2.344})(10^{-9.868})(0.08)+(10^{-2.344})(1.0*10^{-14})} {(10^{-2.344})+(0.08)} }$

$[H^+]$ = $7.63*10^{-7}M$

pH = - log $[H^+]$

pH = $-log[7.63*10^{-7}]$

pH= 6.12

Therefore, the pH of the first equivalent point = 6.12

b) At the second equivalence point; all alaninate is converted into protonated alanine.

$H_2NC_2H_5CO^-_2$ $+$ $H^+$ -----> $H^+_3NC_2H_5CO^-_2$

$H^+_3NC_2H_5CO^-_2$ $+$ $H^+$ -----> $H^+_3NC_2H_5CO_2H$

Here; we have a situation where 1 mole of alaninate react with 2 moles of acid to give 1 mole of protonated alanine;

Moreover, 50.0 mL of 0.160 M alaninate is needed to produce 100.0mL of 0.160 M HCl in order to achieve the second equivalence point.

Thus, the concentration of protonated alanine can be determined as:

$[H^+_3NC_2H_5CO_2H]$ = $\frac{initial moles of alaninate}{total volume}$

$[H^+_3NC_2H_5CO_2H]$ = $\frac{(50.0mL)*(0.160M)}{(50.0mL+100.0mL)}$

$[H^+_3NC_2H_5CO_2H]$ = $\frac{8}{150}$

$[H^+_3NC_2H_5CO_2H]$ = 0.053 M

The pH at the second equivalence point can be calculated via the dissociation of protonated alanine at equilibrium which is represented as:

$H^+_3NC_2H_5CO_2H$ ⇄ $H^+_3NC_2H_5CO^-_2$ $+$ $H^+$

(0.053 - x) x x

$K_{a1}$ = $\frac{[H^+] [H^+_3NC_2H_5CO^-_2]}{[H^+_3NC_2H_5CO_2H]}$

$10^{-PK_{a1}}$ = $\frac{x*x}{(0.053-x)}$

$10^{-2.344} =\frac{x^2}{(0.053-x)}$

$0.00453 = \frac{x^2}{(0.053-x)}$

$0.00453(0.053-x) =x^2$

$x^2+0.00453x-(2.4009*10^{-4})$

Using quadratic equation formula;

$\frac{-b+/-\sqrt{b^2-4ac} }{2a}$

we have:

$\frac{-0.00453+\sqrt{(0.00453)^2-4(1)(-2.4009*10^{-4})} }{2(1)}$ OR $\frac{-0.00453-\sqrt{(0.00453)^2-4(1)(-2.4009*10^{-4})} }{2(1)}$

= 0.0134 OR -0.0179

So; we go by the positive integer which says

x = 0.0134

So $[H^+]=[H_3^+NC_2H_5CO^-_2]= 0.0134 M$

pH = $-log[H^+]$

pH = $-log[0.0134]$

pH = 1.87

Thus, the pH of the second equivalent point = 1.87

3 0

3 years ago

Difference btw cations and anions ?

dezoksy [38]

Answer:

The difference between a cation and an anion is the net electrical charge of the ion. Ions are atoms or molecules which have gained or lost one or more valencee electron giving the ion a net positive or negative charge. Cations are ions with a net positive charge.

Explanation:

4 0

3 years ago

if the density of a certain spherical atomic nucleus is 1.0x10^14 g cm^-3 and its mass is 2.0x10^-23 g, what is it radius in cm?

bagirrra123 [75]

Density as you should know is equal to mass/volume. Solve for the volume.

Now, you know that you are dealing with a sphere. You know the volume of a sphere is V= 4/3pi r ^3.

You know the volume so just solve for r

6 0

3 years ago

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