Answer:
Diamond and graphite are allotropes of carbon.
Explanation:
Diamond has a close packed crystal structure which is responsible for its extreme hardness. In it, each carbon atom is sp³ hybridised and bonded to four other carbon atoms in a tetrahedral arrangement. Diamond has a hardness of 10 on mohs scale with a cubic crystal form.
Note: allotropes of an element have different molecular structure.
Graphite on the other hand is made up of layers of hexagonal structure that are weakly bonded by van-der-waals forces. This layered arrangement explains its softness/slippery feeling and hence it is used as a lubricant. In each layer, each carbon atom is sp² hybridised and bonded to three other carbon atoms in a trigonal planar arrangement.
The presence of 
electrons in the layers accounts for its ability to conduct electricity.
Answer:
The phosphorus ylide reacts with the aldehyde or ketone to make an oxaphosphetane.
Explanation:
The Wittig reaction is a reaction that occurs between a phosphorus ylide and an aldehyde or ketone. The final products are an alkene and triphenyl phosphine oxide.
The first step in the reaction is the attack of the phosphorus ylide on the aldehyde or ketone. This is followed by attack of oxygen on phosphorus to form a [2+2] cycloaddition product (oxaphosphetane) which decomposes to form the alkene and triphenylphosphine oxide.
Answer:
Explanation:
The <em>pH</em> of a solution is a measure of the <em>molar concentration of </em><em>H₃O⁺</em> ions in the solution.
The mathematical expresssion that states the relation between the molar concentration of H₃O⁺ ions and the pH of the solution is:
This is pH is numerically equal to the negative decimal logarithm of the molar concentration of H₃O⁺.
The square brackets are used to indicate molar concentration.
Thus:
- pH = - log [H₃O⁺] ← equation
- 3.120 = -log [H₃O⁺] ← substituting values
- - 3.120 = log [H₃O⁺] ← product property of the multiplication
![10^{- 3.120}=[H_3O^+]](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=10%5E%7B-%203.120%7D%3D%5BH_3O%5E%2B%5D)
← antilogarithm property
- [H₃O⁺] = 7.586×10⁻⁴ M ← result
By increasing the amount of energy produced by friction of the cloth can generate a electrical charge.
To know the electrostatic force between two charges or between two ions, you can use the Coulomb's Law. The equation is F = k*q1*q1/r^2, where F is the electrostatic force, q1 and q2 are the charger for Na and Cl, and r is the distance between the centers of both atoms. In literature, the distance is 0.5 nm or 0.5 x 10^-9 meters. The charge for Na+ and Cl- is the same magnitude but different in sign. Since Na+ is a cation, its charge is +1.603x10^-19 C (the charge of an electron). For Cl- being an anion, its charge is -1.603x10^-19 C. The constant k is an empirical value equal to 9x10^9. Using the formula:
F = (9x10^9)(+1.603x10^-19)(-1.603x10^-19)/(0.5 x 10^-9)^2
F = -9.25 x 10^-10 Newtons
The negative denotes that the net force is more towards the Cl- ion.
