The net charge on an atom is equal to the overall difference between the number of protons in the nucleus versus the number of electrons around the nucleus, where a negative sign represents less protons and a positive sign represents more protons (than electrons).
Density-Dependent:
1<span><span><span><span>. </span>competition.</span><span>
<span>2. </span>overcrowding.</span><span>
3<span>. </span>predators.</span></span><span>
(These are a few from a test I took, hopefully they help you a bit >.<)</span></span>
Friction produces heat hope this helps
