Part a
Answer: 
For the arrangement considered in part a, all the atoms are aligned side by side along the side of the square surface.
Along one side of the square, the number of atoms that could fit 
This is along one side. On the entire surface:
Number of atoms 
Part b
Answer: 
consider the attached figure below:
The next layer of atoms are filled in the depressions of the first layer. The vertical distance between the two atoms would change. Consider an equilateral triangle drawn by joining the centers of the three atoms.
The atoms along the horizontal side would be aligned side by side; same as above 
The number of atoms along vertical side would vary. vertical distance between two atoms can be calculate using equilateral triangle as shown below.
an equilateral triangle has all the angles 
Let the vertical distance be y.
Then, 
where r is the radius of each atom. 

The number of atoms along the vertical side 
Total number of atoms in this kind of arrangement 
Multiplying the power of any signal by 5 can be described as
an increase of 6.99 dB .
If the whistle blew at 70 dB initially, and its sound power became
multiplied by 5, and the whistle and the listener both stayed in
the same places, then the listener would tell you that the whistle
was now blowing at 76.99 dB .
(More likely, he would report "77 dB" as he held his ears and winced.)
Constant = straight line
“Travels at constant negative acc.”
Which is negative slope
Solution: B. Straight line w/ neg. slope