Rank the following atoms in order of increasing first ionization energies (i.e., lowest to highest): Rb, F, Mg, B, N.

Be sure to answer all parts. identify a, b, and c, intermediates in the synthesis of the five-membered ring called an α−methylen

Vanyuwa [196]

The complete reaction along with intermediates is given below, with each step highlighted in different color.

Step 1:
In this step an acidic proton at alpha position is abstracted from lactone moiety and corresponding enolate is formed, which is resonance stabilized. Both structures are shown. In this case LDA (<span>Lithium diisopropylamide) acts as a base.
</span>
Step 2:
The enolate formed attacks on Methyl Iodide, as Iodide being greater in size is a good leaving group and alpha methyl moiety is generated.

Step 3:
This step is acid catalyzed Bromination. Bromine is added at alpha position.

Step 4:
This is elimination reaction and is according to <span>Hofmann's Rule. Here less substituted alkene is generated.</span>

7 0

4 years ago

The Ksp of CaF2 is 4.0 x 10-11. What is the solubility of CaF2 in 0.10 M Ca(NO3)2? Give your answer using scientific notation an

Ilya [14]

Answer:

$1.0\times 10^{-5} M$ is the solubility of $CaF_2$ in 0.10 M $Ca(NO_3)_2$ .

Explanation:

Concentration of calcium nitrate = $[Ca(NO_3)_2]=0.10 M$

$Ca(NO_3)_2\rightarrow Ca^{2+}+2NO_3^{-}$

$[Ca(NO_3)_2]=0.10 M=[Ca^{2+}]$

Solubility product of the calcium fluoride = $K_{sp}=4.0\times 10^{-11}$

Solubility of calcium fluoride in calcium nitrate solution :

$CaF_2\rightleftharpoons Ca^{2+}+2F^-$

(0.10+S) (2S)

The expression of solubility is given by :

$K_{sp}=[Ca^{2+}][F^-]^2$

$4.0\times 10^{-11}=(S+0.10)(2S)^2$

Solving for S:

$S=1.0\times 10^{-5} M$

$1.0\times 10^{-5} M$ is the solubility of $CaF_2$ in 0.10 M $Ca(NO_3)_2$ .

3 0

3 years ago

You are walking on a beach and see a split. Explain how a split could have formed from a rocky headland.

kirza4 [7]

Hello, Lindaparker, a spit could form from a rocky headland where prevailing winds would blow at an angle to the rocky headland, gradually depositing sand and shingle at that place. A spit is a permanent land form resulting from marine deposition and wind deposition. It is usually a long and narrow accumulation of sand or shingle with one joined to the land and the other end projecting at a narrow angle out into the sea. Salt marshes sometimes form on the sheltered side of a spit.

8 0

3 years ago

Read 2 more answers

Describe and explain how petrol is separated from the mixture of hydrocarbons in crude oil.

Anna71 [15]

The process is called fractional distillation. It works by heating up the crude oil inside a chamber to a boil (vaporizing it). Due to the fact that each component of crude oil has a different boiling point, each component of the crude oil will condense at a different height inside the chamber since the chamber gets colder the further up you go away from the heat source. Since each component condenses at different heights in the chamber, there are places to collect condensing liquid at different heights in the chamber (The heights correspond to the boiling point of each component). These collection areas will collect only the component of crude oil that condenses at that temperature. The condensing point is basically the boiling point which means the lower in the chamber that component condenses at, the higher the boiling point for that component is and therefore the heavier that component is (the heavier components get collected near the bottom of the chamber while the lighter components get collected near the top of the chamber).

I hope this helps. Let me know if anything is unclear.

8 0

3 years ago

Natural gas (CH4) has a molar mass of 16.0 g/mole. You started out the day with a tank containing 200.0 g of natural gas. At the

hodyreva [135]

Considering the definition of molar mass, the moles of gas used are 10.625 moles.

<h3>Definition of molar mass</h3>

The molar mass of substance is a property defined as its mass per unit quantity of substance, in other words, molar mass is the amount of mass that a substance contains in one mole.

<h3>Amount of moles used</h3>

Natural gas has a molar mass of 16.0 g/mole.

You started out the day with a tank containing 200.0 g of natural gas. So, you can apply the following rule of three: If by definition of molar mass 16 grams are contained in 1 mole, 200 grams are contained in how many moles?

$amount of moles at the beginning=\frac{200 gramsx1 mole}{16 grams}$

<u><em>amount of moles at the beginning= 12.5 moles</em></u>

At the end of the day, your tank contains 30.0 g of natural gas. So, you can apply the following rule of three: If by definition of molar mass 16 grams are contained in 1 mole, 30 grams are contained in how many moles?

$amount of moles at the end=\frac{30 gramsx1 mole}{16 grams}$