The electron configuration that corresponds to the valence electrons of an element for which there is an especially large jump between the second and third ionization energies is ns^2.
The valence electron configuration of an atom refers to the arrangement of electrons on the outermost shell of the atom.
Recall that a large jump in ionization energy occurs when electrons are removed from inner shells of the atom.
If we study our options closely, we will discover that option A has only two electrons in the valence shell (ns^2).
This means that the third ionization energy involves removing electrons from an inner shell which leads to large jump.
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Inorganic chemistry studies the chemical compounds in inorganic, or non-living things such as minerals and metals.
Answer:
Here are some possible answers:
Why are watersheds in the Midwest more prone to pollution in than other areas in the country?
What are the current flood and pollution control measures in place in high-risk regions?
What are the flaws with the systems used to control pollution in high-risk regions?
What can the officials and scientists in one region learn from those in another region?
What would the effects on residents be if we made changes to current flood and pollution control measures?
Explanation:
When manure or commercial fertilizers enter surface water, the nutrients they release stimulate microorganism growth. The growth and reproduction of microorganisms reduce the dissolved oxygen content of the water body. Without sufficient dissolved oxygen in surface water, fish and other aquatic species suffocate.
Answer:
Explanation:
(a) Firstly, caesium abd potassium are both in Group 1 of the periodic table. Group 1 metals (also called alkali metals) are the most reactive metals of the periodic table. Caesium is more reactive than Potassium because it has a higher electropositivity than Potassium. Electropositivity is the tendency of a metal to donate electron(s) to form a cation. Electropositivity increases down the group; this is because it is easier for atoms to loose electrons on the outermost shell that are far away from the central nucleus as against atoms whose outermost electrons are closer to the central nucleus. <u>Thus, the more "bulky" an atom is, the farther it's outermost electrons (valence electrons) get from the central nucleus and the easier it is to lose the outermost electron(s). And the easier it is for the valence electron(s) to be removed, the more reactive the atom would be and vice-versa.</u>
Caesium is more reactive than potassium because it is more bulky than potassium, with an atomic number of 55, while potassium has an atomic number of 19.
NOTE: The closer an electron is to the nucleus, the more difficult it is to be removed from it's shell.
(b) i. Formula for Caesium Nitrate:
Symbol for Caesium is Cs and Nitrate is NO₃⁻.
Cs⁺ + NO₃⁻ ↔ CsNO₃
Formula for Caesium Nitrate is CsNO₃
ii. Formula for Caesium sulphate
Symbol for caesium is Cs and Sulphate is SO₄²⁻
Cs⁺ + SO₄²⁻ ↔ Cs₂SO₄
Formula for Caesium sulphate is Cs₂SO₄
NOTE: When writing the formulae, the charges would be exchanged to form the subscript as seen on the product sides above.
Explanation: Hydrogen bonds are the strongest one of the intermolecular forces. A hydrogen bond is a bond between hydrogen in one molecule or the other ones are fluorine and nitrogen. So it's between a hydrogen in one molecule and an electronegative atom in another molecule. So they always involve hydrogen.
