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podryga [215]
3 years ago
11

. What were the main inventions of the industrial revolution? What changes did they bring about ?​

Chemistry
1 answer:
Stolb23 [73]3 years ago
6 0

Answer:

The Industrial Revolution was a period of great industrialization that began in the late 18th century in Britain, leading to massive population growth and agricultural innovations, which laid the foundation for increased productivity, both with increased labor and a larger market for the products. There was a revolution in the production methods of the textile industry, especially with the advent of the steam engine and urban development, the influx of people from the countryside to the cities meant that there was an abundance of labor, which laid the foundation for the industrial cities of the nineteenth century.  The steam engine was also used in the new generation of transport, in locomotives and steamships. With the advent of steel as a building material along with a series of new discoveries in communication technology in the second half of the 19th century, the tone was set for the continued technological development of the 20th century.

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Calculate the amount of heat that must be absorbed by 10.0 g of ice at –20°C to convert it to liquid water at 60.0°C. Given: spe
Murljashka [212]

Answer:

The amount of heat to absorb is 6,261 J

Explanation:

Calorimetry is in charge of measuring the amount of heat generated or lost in certain physical or chemical processes.

The total energy required is the sum of the energy to heat the ice from -20 ° C to ice of 0 ° C, melting the ice of 0 ° C in 0 ° C water and finally heating the water to 60 ° C.

So:

  • Heat required to raise the temperature of ice from -20 °C to 0 °C

Being the sensible heat of a body the amount of heat received or transferred by a body when it undergoes a temperature variation (Δt) without there being a change of physical state (solid, liquid or gaseous), the expression is used:

Q = c * m * ΔT

Where Q is the heat exchanged by a body of mass m, made up of a specific heat substance c and where ΔT is the temperature variation (ΔT=Tfinal - Tinitial).

In this case, m= 10 g, specific heat of the ice= 2.1 \frac{J}{g*C} and ΔT=0 C - (-20 C)= 20 C

Replacing: Q= 10 g*2.1 \frac{J}{g*C} *20 C and solving: Q=420 J

  • Heat required to convert 0 °C ice to 0 °C water

The heat Q necessary to melt a substance depends on its mass m and on the called latent heat of fusion of each substance:

Q= m* ΔHfusion

In this case, being 1 mol of water= 18 grams: Q= 10 g*6.0 \frac{kJ}{mol} *\frac{1 mol of water}{18 g}= 3.333 kJ= 3,333 J (being kJ=1,000 J)

  • Heat required to raise the temperature of water from 0 °C to 60 °C

In this case the expression used in the first step is used, but being: m= 10 g, specific heat of the water= 4.18 \frac{J}{g*C} and ΔT=60 C - (0 C)= 60 C

Replacing: Q= 10 g*4.18 \frac{J}{g*C} *60 C and solving: Q=2,508 J

Finally, Qtotal= 420 J + 3,333 J + 2,508 J

Qtotal= 6,261 J

<u><em> The amount of heat to absorb is 6,261 J</em></u>

<u><em></em></u>

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