Answer is: (2) Chemical energy is converted to electrical energy.
An electrochemical cell (voltaic or galvanic cell) is generating electrical energy from chemical reactions.
In galvanic cell, specie (for example zinc and zinc cations) from one half-cell, lose electrons (oxidation) and species from the other half-cell (for example copper and copper cations) gain electrons (reduction).
Oxidation on the zinc anode: Zn(s) → Zn²⁺(aq) + 2e⁻.
Reduction on the copper cathode: Cu²⁺(aq) + 2e⁻ → Cu(s).
Just for more clarification, lowercase k is the rate constant. Uppercase K is the equilibrium constant. You can actually use k to find K (equilibrium constant). K=k/k' This means that the equilibrium constant is the rate constant of the forward reaction divided by the rate constant of the reverse reaction
PH scale is used to determine how acidic or basic a solution is.
we have been given the hydrogen ion concentration. Using this we can calculate pH,
pH = - log[H⁺]
pH = - log (1 x 10⁻¹ M)
pH = 1
using pH can calculate pOH
pH + pOH = 14
pOH = 14 - 1
pOH = 13
using pOH we can calculate the hydroxide ion concentration
pOH = - log [OH⁻]
[OH⁻] = antilog(-pOH)
[OH⁻] = 10⁻¹³ M
hydroxide ion concentration is 10⁻¹³ M
The answer is: Dividing the number of molecules in the sample by Avogadro's number.
The Avogadro’s number is the number of atoms in 12 grams of the isotope carbon-12 (¹²C).
Na is Avogadro number or Avogadro constant (the number of particles, in this example carbon, that are contained in the amount of substance given by one mole).
The Avogadro number has value 6.022·10²³ 1/mol in the International System of Units; Na = 6.022·10²³ 1/mol.
For example:
N(Ba) = 2.62·10²³; number of atoms of barium.
n(Ba) = N(Ba) ÷ Na.
n(Ba) = 1.3·10²⁴ ÷ 6.022·10²³ 1/mol.
n(Ba) = 2.158 mol; amount of substance of barium.
When the temperature and the volume of the gas stored in the container are high then the number of the moles will be measured accurately. Thus, options A and B are correct.
<h3>What is the ideal gas law?</h3>
The ideal gas law is the establishment of the relation between the elements like the moles, pressure, temperature, and the volume of the gas containing the particle.
The ideal gas states:
PV = nRT
With an increase in the temperature, the number of particles that collides increases as the kinetic energy increases. The particle of the container is more when the volume of the gas is more.
Therefore, in options A and B high temperature and volume increase the accuracy.
Learn more about ideal gas here:
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