Answer: 3 m/s
Explanation:
We can solve the problem by using the law of conservation of momentum: during the collision between the two balls, the total momentum of the system before the collision and after the collision must be conserved:

The total momentum before the collision is given only by the cue ball, since the solid ball is initially at rest, therefore

So, the final total momentum will also be

And the total momentum after the collision is given only by the solid ball, since the cue ball is now at rest, therefore:

from which we find the velocity of the solid ball

Here in crash test the two forces are acting on the dummy in two different directions
As we know that force is a vector quantity so we need to use vector addition laws in order to find the resultant force on it.
So here two forces are given in perpendicular direction with each other so as per vector addition law we need to use Pythagoras theorem to find the resultant of two vectors
so we can say

here given that


now we will plug in all data in the above equation


so it will have net force 4501.9 N which will be reported by sensor
To solve this problem it is necessary to apply the concepts related to momentum, momentum and Force. Mathematically the Impulse can be described as

Where,
F= Force
t= time
At the same time the moment can be described as a function of mass and velocity, that is

Where,
m = mass
v = Velocity
From equilibrium the impulse is equal to the momentum, therefore


PART A) Since the body ends at rest, we have the final speed is zero, so the momentum would be



Therefore the magnitude of the person's impulse is 1125Kg.m/s
PART B) From the equation obtained previously we have that the Force would be:



Therefore the magnitude of the average force the airbag exerts on the person is 45000N