All categories

2 years ago

What is the surface composition of planets in the solar system?

Chemistry

1 answer:

Stels [109]2 years ago

3 0

Answer:

A: Helium or Hydrogen

Explanation:

Terrestrial planets are the 4 inner most planets of the solar system which are mercury, venus, earth, Mars, while the giant planets are the 4 outer most which are Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune.

Now, these outer most ones are the surface ones and are surrounded primarily by layers of hydrogen and helium gases.

You might be interested in

(a) (1)

Elis [28]

Explanation:

The ionization energy of an atom is the amount of energy that is required to remove an electron from a mole of atoms in the gas phase:

M(g) ® M+(g) + e-

It is possible to remove more electrons from most elements, so this quantity is more precisely known as the first ionization energy, the energy to go from neutral atoms to cations with a 1+ charge. The second ionization energy is the energy that is required to remove a second electron, to form 2+ cations from 1+ cations:

M+(g) ® M2+(g) + e-

The third ionization energy is the energy required to form 3+ cations:

M2+(g) ® M3+(g) + e-

and so on. Ionization energies are always positive numbers, because energy must be supplied (an endothermic energy change) to separate electrons from atoms. The second ionization energy is always larger than the first ionization energy, because it requires even more energy to remove an electron from a cation than it is from a neutral atom.

The first ionization energy varies in a predictable way across the periodic table. The ionization energy decreases from top to bottom in groups, and increases from left to right across a period. Thus, helium has the largest first ionization energy, while francium has one of the lowest.

From top to bottom in a group, orbitals corresponding to higher values of the principal quantum number (n) are being added, which are on average further away from the nucleus. Since the outermost electrons are further away, they are less strongly attracted by the nucleus, and are easier to remove, corresponding to a lower value for the first ionization energy.From left to right across a period, more protons are being added to the nucleus, but the number of electrons in the inner, lower-energy shells remains the same. The valence electrons feel a higher effective nuclear charge — the sum of the charges on the protons in the nucleus and the charges on the inner, core electrons. The valence electrons are therefore held more tightly, the atom decreases in size (see atomic radius), and it becomes increasingly difficult to remove them, corresponding to a higher value for the first ionization energy.

The following charts illustrate the general trends in the first ionization energy:

Dunno kung tama beng pero trysorry kung mali

8 0

3 years ago

How many valence electrons do nitrogen atoms have

julsineya [31]

Five valence electrons for one nitrogen and 10 valence electrons for two nitrogens

4 0

3 years ago

2. Choose the atom from each of the following pairs with the greater ionization energy: a. Be and Ba b. Al and Ar c. Ca and Cl

beks73 [17]

Considering the definition of ionization energy, the highest ionization energy belongs to the element:

a. Be

b. Ar

c. Cl

Electrons are held in atoms by their attraction to the nucleus, which means that energy is needed to remove an electron from the atom.

You should keep in mind that the electrons of the last layer are always lost, because they are the weakest attracted to the nucleus.

Ionization energy, also called ionization potential, is the necessary energy that must be supplied to a neutral, gaseous, ground-state atom to remove an electron from an atom. When an electron is removed from a neutral atom, a cation with a charge equal to +1 is formed.

In a group, the ionization energy increases upwards because when passing from one element to the bottom, it contains one more layer of electrons. Therefore, the valence layer electrons, being further away from the nucleus, will be less attracted to it and it will cost less energy to pluck them.

In the same period, in general, it increases as you shift to the right. This is because the elements in this way have a tendency to gain electrons and therefore it will cost much more to tear them off than those on the left which, having few electrons in the last layer will cost them much less to lose them.

Considering all the above, from each of the pairs, the highest ionization energy belongs to the element:

a. Be

b. Ar

c. Cl

Learn more:

6 0

3 years ago

A device that does work with only one movement and changes the size or direction of a force is a(n) ____.

worty [1.4K]

Answer:

A device that does work with only one movement and changes the size or direction of a force is a simple machine.

Explanation:

For applying force, any used basic mechanical devices are simple machines.
Simple machine changes the direction as well as the amplitude of the applied force i.e. we can increase or decrease the magnitude of the force.
A simple machine is the most basic mechanism to use the force as we need in big mechanical machines.
Some of the examples of simple machines are inclined plane, lever, wedge, wheel and axle, pulley, and screw.

6 0

3 years ago

Consider the reaction below.

Law Incorporation [45]

Answer:

<u>First choice: 0.042</u>

Explanation:

Given decomposition reaction:

1PCl₅ (g) ⇄ 1PCl₃ + 1Cl₂(g)

Equilibrium constant:

$K_{eq}=\frac{[PCl_3]^1[Cl_2]^1}{[PCl_5]^1}$

Stoichiometric coefficients and powers equal to 1 are not usually shown as they are understood, but I included them in order to shwow you how they intervene in the equilibrium expressions: each concentration is raised to a power equal to the respective stoichiometric coefficient in the equilibrium equation.

So, your calculations are:

$K_{eq}=\frac{(0.020M)(0.020M)}{0.0095M}=0.042M$

6 0

3 years ago