Answer:

Explanation:
Given that:
Electrical field E = 
square side l = 5.0 m
Area A = 5.0 * 5.0
= 25.0 m²
Angle ( θ ) between area vector and E = (90° - 60°)
= 30°
The flux
can now be determined by using the expression
= 
=

=
= 
It a stage known as the "Main Sequence" stage. Stars achieve nuclear stability at this point and remain in this stage until the end of their lives.
Have a nice day!
Explanation:
The centripetal force acting on a particle is given by :

Since,


Case 1.
If 
Since, 
So, 

So, the force becomes,

F is independent of r
Case 2.
If 


So, 
So, the force is inversely proportional to the square of radius.
Case 3.
If T is independent of r, the force will be directly proportional to the radius of orbit.
Hence, this is the required solution.