The letter Ne with eight dots. Because it is a Noble Gas, it has eight valence electrons.
Primary Consumers
Herbivores
Trophic level II Members
Complete Question:
Ions to calculate the p-values: Na⁺, Cl⁻, and NH₄⁺
Answer:
pNa = 0.307
pCl = 0.093
pNH₄ = 0.503
Explanation:
The p-value is calculated by the antilog of the concentration of the substance of interest. For example, pH = -log[H⁺]. Thus, first, let's find the ions concentration.
Both substances are salts that solubilize completely, thus, by the solution reactions:
NaCl → Na⁺ + Cl⁻
NH₄Cl → NH₄⁺ + Cl⁻
So, for both reactions the stoichiometry is 1:1:1 and the concentration of the ions is equal to the concentration of the salts.
[Na⁺] = 0.493 M
[Cl⁻] = 0.493 + 0.314 = 0.807 M
[NH₄⁺] = 0.314 M
The p-values are:
pNa = -log[Na⁺] = -log(0.493) = 0.307
pCl = -log[Cl⁻] = -log(0.807) = 0.093
pNH₄ = -log[NH₄⁺] = -log(0.314) = 0.503
Covalent bonds or interactions are overcome when a nonmetal extended network melts.
Typically, nonmetals form covalent bonds with one another. A polyatomic ion's atoms are joined by a form of link called covalent bonding. A covalent bond requires two electrons, one from each of the two atoms that are connecting.
One technique to depict the formation of covalent connections between atoms is with Lewis dot formations. The number of unpaired electrons and the number of bonds that can be formed by each element are typically identical. Each element needs to share an unpaired electron in order to establish a covalent bond.
Therefore, covalent bonds or interactions are overcome when a nonmetal extended network melts.
Learn more about covalent bonds here;
brainly.com/question/10777799
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