Answer:
An ionic bond forms between two ions of opposite charges. In ionic bonding, electrons transfer from one atom to another. The elements take on either a negative or positive charge. Ions are another name for charged atoms. Some elements are electropositive, and some are electronegative.
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1) divide each percentage by the relative atomic mass of the element
2) divide all results by the smallest number
3)multiply by a whole number to get the simplest whole number ratio (if necessary)
that is to say:
Na S O
32.37÷23 22.58÷32 45.05÷16
= 1.407 = 0.7056 = 2.816 (to 4 significant figures)
the smallest number here is 0.7056 so:
1.407÷0.7056 0.7056÷0.7056 2.816÷0.7056
=1.99 approx.2 = 1 3.99 approx. 4
here there is no need to carry out step 3 as ratio obtained is already a simplest whole number ratio
so empirical formula is: Na₂SO₄
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MgCl₂
Find molar mass of magnesium chloride.
Mg: 1 x 24.305
Cl: 2 x 35.453
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95.211 grams
One mole of magnesium chloride has a mass of 95.211 grams.
We have 2.40 moles.
2.40 x 95.211 = 228.5
To 3 sig figs this is 229.
The mass of 2.40 moles of magnesium chloride is 229 grams.
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Unfortunately you did not specify the electronic configuration in the question, however since one of the answers must be a halogen, i took the liberty to attach an image with the configuration (both the simple numeric and spdf form) for all the halogen and all you have to do is match the electronic configuration you have in your question to the one in the table attached and you can then deduce the answer.
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Lithium Hydroxide (LiOH) is an Arrhenius base