Answer:
3.11 is the pH of the buffer
Explanation:
The pH of a buffer is obtained using H-H equation:
pH = pKa + log [Conjugate base] / [Weak acid]
<em>Where pH is the pH of the buffer, pKa = -log Ka = 3.14 for the citric buffer and [] could be taken as the moles of each species.</em>
The citric acid,HX (Weak acid), reacts with NaOH to produce sodium citrate, NaX (weak base) and water:
HX + NaOH → H2O + NaX
That means the moles of NaOH added = Moles of sodium citrate produced
And the resulitng moles of HX = Initial moles - Moles NaOH added
<em>Moles HX and NaX:</em>
Moles NaOH = 0.100L * (0.65mol / L) = 0.065 moles NaOH = Moles NaX
Moles HX = 0.300L * (0.45mol / L) = 0.135 moles HX - 0.065 moles NaOH = 0.070 moles HX
Replacing in H-H equation:
pH = 3.14 + log [0.065mol] / [0.070mol]
pH = 3.11 is the pH of the buffer
Answer:
Explanation:
In an aqueous solution of potassium sulfate (K₂SO₄), the solute is K₂SO₄ and the solvent is water. The percentage by mass describes the grams of solute there are dissolved per 100 grams of solution. It can be calculated as:
mass percentage = (mass of solute/total mass of solution) x 100%
For example, in an aqueous solution which is 2% by mass of K₂SO₄, there are 2 grams of K₂SO₄ per 100 g of solution.
Answer:
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chemical reaction results in the forming or breaking apart of chemical bonds between various elements. These reactions can result in many different outcomes, which can be affected by temperature, pressure and the amount of the reactants. Catalysts can also start a reaction or speed up its rate. However, the catalyst is not involved in the chemical reaction, as it remains unchanged before and after the reaction.
Although the elements and compounds may change form during the reaction, every atom in the reactants is also found in one of the products. In the reaction, individual elements can bond together to form compounds, or compounds can break apart into elements. For instance, when water is exposed to an electrical current, it breaks apart into oxygen and hydrogen gases. Alternatively, when zinc and sulfur react together, the two elements bond together to form zinc sulfide.
Some reactions also result in chemical equilibrium, which occurs when the reactants change into products at the same time as the products change back into the original reactants.
Heat, rotating air, and conditions that strengthen that rotation by extending it out along its axis are the ingredients that make fire whirls.
