Question

In the animation, you can see that the electrons occupy different orbitals according to the energy level of each orbital. A single box represents an orbital. The unpaired electron is represented as ↿ whereas the paired electrons in the same orbital are represented by two arrows pointing in opposite directions: ↿⇂. Watch the animation and identify which of the following statements are correct. Check all that apply. View Available Hint(s) Check all that apply. A) In the Li atom, the 3s, 3p, and 3d orbitals have different energies.
B) The He atom has two electrons that have parallel spin in its 1s orbital.
C) Electrons generally occupy the lowest energy orbital first.
D) The arrangement of the orbitals is the same in a multielectron atom and a single-electron atom.
E) The C atom has two unpaired electrons.
F) The He atom has one electron each in 1s and 2s orbitals.

Answer 1

B) The He atom has two electrons that have parallel spin in its 1s orbital.

C) Electrons generally occupy the lowest energy orbital first.

D) The arrangement of the orbitals is the same in a multielectron atom and a single-electron atom

E) The C atom has two unpaired electrons.

Explanation:

In writing sublevel notations certain rules are followed:

• The maximum number of electrons in the orbitals of sublevels are:

             two for s-sublevel with one orbital

             six for p-sublevel with three orbitals

             ten for d-sublevel with five orbitals

             fourteen for f-sublevel with seven orbitals

• Aufbau's principle states that sublevels with lower energies are filled before those with higher energies.

                    1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 4s 3d 4p 5s    increasing order of filling

• Pauli exclusion principle states that no two electrons can have the same set of the four quantum numbers i.e electrons in the same orbital cannot spin in the same direction.
• Hund's rule states that electrons go into degenerate orbitals singly first before pairing up.

Based on these principles and the animation, the following options are correct:

B) The He atom has two electrons that have parallel spin in its 1s orbital.

Helium has two electrons in the 1s orbital. From Pauli's exclusion principle, we see that the two electrons cannot spin in the same way. Therefore, they have parallel spin

C) Electrons generally occupy the lowest energy orbital first.

From Aufbau's principle, electrons go into orbitals with lower energies first before those with higher energies.

D) The arrangement of the orbitals is the same in a multi-electron atom and a single-electron atom

                  1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 4s 3d 4p 5s

Orbitals are arranged in the order of their energies from the lowest to the highest.

E) The C atom has two unpaired electrons.

Configuration for carbon atom is shown below:

                            1s² 2s² 2p²

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Answer 2

The following statements are correct : B,C,D,E

Further explanation

In an atom there are levels of energy in the shell and sub shell

This energy level is expressed in the form of electron configurations.

Writing electron configurations starts from the lowest to the highest sub-shell energy level. There are 4 sub shell in the shell of an atom, namely s, p, d and f. The maximum number of electrons for each sub shell is

• s: 2 electrons

• p: 6 electrons

• d: 10 electrons and

• f: 14 electrons

Charging electrons in the sub shell uses the following sequence:

1s², 2s², 2p⁶, 3s², 3p⁶, 4s², 3d¹⁰, 4p⁶, 5s², 4d¹⁰, 5p⁶, 6s², etc.

Determination of electron configurations based on principles:  

• 1. Aufbau: Electrons occupy orbitals of the lowest energy level  

• 2 Hund: electrons fill orbitals with the same energy level  

• 3. Pauli: no electrons have the same 4 quantum numbers

Let see the answer choices

• A) In the Li atom, the 3s, 3p, and 3d orbitals have different energies

electron configurations Li : 1s², 2s¹

So the element Li does not have 3s, 3p, and 3d orbitals

The statement is false

• B) The He atom has two electrons that have parallel spin in its 1s orbital

electron configurations He : 1s²

so He has 2 pararel spin : +1/2 and -1/2

The statement is true

• C) Electrons generally occupy the lowest energy orbital first.

in accordance with the principle of Aufbau

The statement is true

• D) The arrangement of the orbitals is the same in a multielectron atom and a single-electron atom.

a single-electron atom like H : 1s¹ and multielectron atom like C : 1s², 2s², 2p² is the same : The arrangement from the lowest to the highest sub-shell energy level.

The statement is true

• E) The C atom has two unpaired electrons.

electron configurations C : 1s², 2s², 2p²

In p orbitals, there are 2 unpaired electrons

The statement is true

• F) The He atom has one electron each in 1s and 2s orbitals

electron configurations He : 1s²

So the element He does not have 2s orbitals

The statement is false

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the electrons were added to the atom

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