<span>Note that internal energy is a state function. That means internal energy of the gas can be expressed as function of two state variables, e.g. U = f(T;V). For an ideal gas internal function can be expressed of temperature alone. But is not necessary to make ideal gas assumption to solve this problem.
Because internal energy is a state function, a process changing from state 1 to state 2 has always the same change change in internal energy irrespective of the process design.
The one-step compression and the two two-step compression start at the sam state and end up in same state. the gas undergoes the same change in internal energy:
∆U₁ = ∆U₂
The change in internal energy of the gas equals the heat added to the gas plus work done on it:
Hence,
Q₁ + W₁ = Q₂ + W₂
So the difference in heat transfer between the two process is:
∆Q = Q₂ - Q₁ = W₁ - W₂
The work done on the gas is given by piston is given by the integral
W = - ∫ P_ex dV from V_initial to V_final
For constant external pressure like in this problem this simplifies to
W = - P_ex ∙ ∫ dV from V_initial to V_final
= P_ex ∙ (V_initial - V_final)
I hope my guide has come to your help. Have a nice day ahead and may God bless you always!</span>
Answer:
D. independent; dependent
Explanation:
The dependent variable is the variable that is being measured during the course of an experiment. It represents the variable that changes with the manipulation of other variables.
The independent variables are variables which are varied or manipulated during the course of an experiment. The effects of their variations are measured on the dependent variable.
<em>In this case, the interval between the bell and presentation of food was varied and the effects of the variation was measured by determining the amount of salivation.</em>
Hence, the interval is the independent variable and the amount of salivation is the dependent variable.
The correct option is D.
To solve this problem we will apply the concepts related to the change in length in proportion to the area and volume. We will define the states of the lengths in their final and initial state and later with the given relationship, we will extrapolate these measures to the area and volume
The initial measures,
(Surface of a Cube)
The final measures
Given,
Now applying the same relation we have that
The relation with volume would be
Volume of the cube change by a factor of 2.83
Going out to a movie will not resolve the problem.
The two conditions are:
1) Application of-force on the body.
2) Displacement of the body in the direction of force.
Hope this helps!
