Complete the sentence. When an acid is added to water, hydrogen ions __________.
1 answer:
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Answer:
N,N-dimethylacetamide is formed.
Explanation:
- It is an example of a nucleophilic addition-elimination reaction. Here dimethylamine acts as a nucleophile.
- In the first step, dimethyl amine gives nucleophilic addition reaction at carbonyl center of acetyl chloride.
- In the second step, removal of Cl atoms occurs.
- In the third step, deprotonation takes place from amino group to produce N,N-dimethylacetamide.
- Full reaction mechanism has been shown below.
Answer:
a) v₀ = 4.41 × 10¹⁴ s⁻¹
b) W₀ = 176 KJ/mol of ejected electrons
c) From the graph, light of frequency less than v₀ will not cause electrons to break free from the surface of the metal. Electron kinetic energy remains at zero as long as the frequency of incident light is less than v₀.
d) When frequency of the light exceeds v₀, there is an increase of electron kinetic energy from zero steadily upwards with a constant slope. This is because, once light frequency exceeds, v₀, its energy too exceeds the work function of the metal and the electrons instantaneously gain the energy of incident light and convert this energy to kinetic energy by breaking free and going into motion. The energy keeps increasing as the energy and frequency of incident light increases and electrons gain more speed.
e) The slope of the line segment gives the Planck's constant. Explanation is in the section below.
Explanation:
The plot for this question which is attached to this solution has Electron kinetic energy on the y-axis and frequency of incident light on the x-axis.
a) Wavelength, λ = 680 nm = 680 × 10⁻⁹ m
Speed of light = 3 × 10⁸ m/s
The frequency of the light, v₀ = ?
Frequency = speed of light/wavelength
v₀ = (3 × 10⁸)/(680 × 10⁻⁹) = 4.41 × 10¹⁴ s⁻¹
b) Work function, W₀ = energy of the light photons with the wavelength of v₀ = E = hv₀
h = Planck's constant = 6.63 × 10⁻³⁴ J.s
E = 6.63 × 10⁻³⁴ × 4.41 × 10¹⁴ = 2.92 × 10⁻¹⁹J
E in J/mol of ejected electrons
Ecalculated × Avogadros constant
= 2.92 × 10⁻¹⁹ × 6.023 × 10²³
= 1.76 × 10⁵ J/mol of ejected electrons = 176 KJ/mol of ejected electrons
c) Light of frequency less than v₀ does not possess enough energy to cause electrons to break free from the metal surface. The energy of light with frequency less than v₀ is less than the work function of the metal (which is the minimum amount of energy of light required to excite electrons on metal surface enough to break free).
As evident from the graph, electron kinetic energy remains at zero as long as the frequency of incident light is less than v₀.
d) When frequency of the light exceeds v₀, there is an increase of electron kinetic energy from zero steadily upwards with a constant slope. This is because, once light frequency exceeds, v₀, its energy too exceeds the work function of the metal and the electrons instantaneously gain the energy of incident light and convert this energy to kinetic energy by breaking free and going into motion. The energy keeps increasing as the energy and frequency of incident light increases and electrons gain more speed.
e) The slope of the line segment gives the Planck's constant. From the mathematical relationship, E = hv₀,
And the slope of the line segment is Energy of ejected electrons/frequency of incident light, E/v₀, which adequately matches the Planck's constant, h = 6.63 × 10⁻³⁴ J.s
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