A _________ mixture is not well mixed.
1 answer:
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Answer:
Diamond and graphite are allotropes of carbon.
Explanation:
Diamond has a close packed crystal structure which is responsible for its extreme hardness. In it, each carbon atom is sp³ hybridised and bonded to four other carbon atoms in a tetrahedral arrangement. Diamond has a hardness of 10 on mohs scale with a cubic crystal form.
Note: allotropes of an element have different molecular structure.
Graphite on the other hand is made up of layers of hexagonal structure that are weakly bonded by van-der-waals forces. This layered arrangement explains its softness/slippery feeling and hence it is used as a lubricant. In each layer, each carbon atom is sp² hybridised and bonded to three other carbon atoms in a trigonal planar arrangement.
The presence of electrons in the layers accounts for its ability to conduct electricity.
Answer:
Part 1
Where we have that the phase temperature at which fuel 1 changes to liquid due to its low temperature after the energy transfer is reached, fuel 1 changes to liquid
Where we have that the temperature of fuel 2 is still above its gas to liquid phase transition temperature, the fuel in fuel 2 will remain gaseous
Part 2
The kinetic energy of the individual molecules in fuel 1 is less than the intermolecular forces holding the molecules of fuel 1 in the liquid state such that fuel 1 molecules undergoes phase transformation from gas to liquid
The kinetic energy of the molecules in fuel 2 is higher than the fuel 2 liquid state intermolecular forces fuel 2 does not undergo phase transformation and remain a gas
Explanation:
Part 1
Why fuel 1 change phase but fuel 2 stayed the same can be explained by the combination of the following physical phenomena
1) Specific heat capacity of the fuels
2) Phase transition temperature of the fuels
The energy transferred out, ΔQ, can be expressed as follows;
ΔQ = m·c·ΔT
Where;
m = The mass of the fuel
c = The specific heat capacity of the fuel
ΔT = The temperature change of the fuel
Therefore, the energy transferred out, for a given mass of fuel, is directly proportional to the specific heat capacity, and the temperature change
For a given amount of transferred energy, when the specific heat capacity is high, the temperature change will be low and vice versa
Taking the specific heat capacity of fuel 1, c₁ as lower than the specific heat capacity of fuel 2, c₂₂, we have;
For a given energy transferred out, when c₁ < c₂ then we have, ΔT₁ > ΔT₂
The temperature change of fuel 1 is more than the temperature change of fuel 2 and if both fuels where initially at the same temperature and have the same mass, the final temperature of fuel will be lower than the final temperature of fuel 2,
2) The phase transition temperature is the temperature at which a material changes phase from solid to liquid, or liquid to gas and vice versa, and it is dependent on the intermolecular holding the molecules of the substances together
Whereby the phase temperature at which fuel 1 changes to liquid due to its low temperature after the energy transfer is reached, while the temperature in fuel 2 is still above its gas to liquid phase transition temperature, the gaseous fuel in fuel 1 will be changed to liquid, while the fuel in fuel 2 will remain gaseous
Part 2
After the energy is transferred out, the kinetic energy of the individual molecules in fuel 1 becomes lower than the intermolecular forces holding the molecules of fuel 1 in the liquid state and the fuel 1 molecules transforms from gas to liquid
However, after the given amount of energy is transferred out, the kinetic energy of the molecules in fuel 2 are still higher than the intermolecular forces that exists between the molecules of fuel 2 when in the liquid state, and therefore, fuel 2 remains gaseous