Answer:
The possible valances can be determined by electron configuration and electron negativity
Good Luck even though this was asked 2 weeks ago
Explanation:
All atoms strive for stability. The optima electron configuration is the electron configuration of the VIII A family or inert gases.
Look at the electron configuration of the nonmetal and how many more electrons the nonmetal needs to achieve the stable electron configuration of the inert gases. Non metals tend to be negative in nature and gain electrons. ( They are oxidizing agents)
For example Florine atomic number 9 needs one more electron to reach a valance number of 8 electrons to equal Neon atomic number 10. Hence Flowrine has a valance of -1
Oxygen atomic number 8 needs two more electrons to reach a valance number of 8 electrons to equal Neon atomic number 10. Hence Oxygen has a valance charge of -2.
Non metals with a low electron negativity will lose electrons when reacting with another non metal that has a higher electron negativity. When the non metal forms an ion it is necessary to look at the electron structure to determine how many electrons the element can lose to gain stability.
For example Chlorine which is normally -1 like Florine when it combines with oxygen can be +1, +3, + 5 or +7. It can lose its one unpaired electron, or combinations of the unpaired electron and sets of the three pairs of electrons.
A mixture consists of numerous substances, whereas a substance does not consist of mixtures, but rather of compounds. Mixtures can be separated physically, while substances cannot.
Autoionization Reactions are those reactions in which ions or molecules ionizes spontaneously without adding any external reagent.
For Example,
Autoionization of water.
H₂O + H₂O ⇆ H₃O⁺ + OH⁻
Autoionization reaction of Methanol is shown below,
Answer:
The activation energy of a chemical reaction is the energy that is required to be supplied for a chemical reaction to take place. The activation energy for the reaction of sodium is low compared to the energy released such that the reaction of sodium and water is spontaneous resulting in the melting of the sodium into liquid form
The activation energy of a candle wax is much higher, requiring the ignition of the wick which burns and in turn melts the candle wax to release vapors that burns alongside the wick to produce sooth carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide and water vapor and release of heat energy which also fuels further combustion of the candle wax and wick
Therefore, the activation energy of the candle wax and wick which require the heat of direct flame from an ignited matches is higher than the activation energy of sodium placed in a medium of water that reacts spontaneously without heat application
Explanation:
