B. Gravity and air resistance.
Answer:
A) is a cost to a bystander.
Explanation:
A negative externality is defined as the difference between the social cost and an economic agent from the private cost of an action.
A negative externality is a cost to a bystander as negative externality occurs when a transaction between a buyer and seller affects third party with a loss, which has no involvement in the transaction.
Hence, the correct option is A.
OPTIONS :
A.) the force that the ball exerts on the wall
B.) the frictional force between the wall and the ball
C.) the acceleration of the ball as it approaches the wall
D.) the normal force that the wall exerts on the ball
Answer: D.) the normal force that the wall exerts on the ball
Explanation: The normal force acting on an object can be explained as a force experienced by an object when it comes in contact with a flat surface. The normal force acts perpendicular to the surface of contact.
In the scenario described above, Erica's tennis ball experiences an opposite reaction after hitting the wall.This is in relation to Newton's 3rd law of motion, which states that, For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.
The reaction force in this case is the normal force exerted on the ball by the wall perpendicular to the surface of contact.
Answer:
r₂ = 0.316 m
Explanation:
The sound level is expressed in decibels, therefore let's find the intensity for the new location
β = 10 log 
let's write this expression for our case
β₁ = 10 log \frac{I_1}{I_o}
β₂ = 10 log \frac{I_2}{I_o}
β₂ -β₁ = 10 ( 
)
β₂ - β₁ = 10 
log \frac{I_2}{I_1} = 
= 3
= 10³
I₂ = 10³ I₁
having the relationship between the intensities, we can use the definition of intensity which is the power per unit area
I = P / A
P = I A
the area is of a sphere
A = 4π r²
the power of the sound does not change, so we can write it for the two points
P = I₁ A₁ = I₂ A₂
I₁ r₁² = I₂ r₂²
we substitute the ratio of intensities
I₁ r₁² = (10³ I₁ ) r₂²
r₁² = 10³ r₂²
r₂ = r₁ / √10³
we calculate
r₂ = 
r₂ = 0.316 m
