Answer: find the attached files for the answer
Explanation:
The reflected ray appears to have originated from the focal point. We should actually draw a vector from the focal point through the point where the incident ray hits the mirror but we shorten the vector so that its starting point is on the mirror, without changing its angle.
Please find the attached files for the solution
1) At the moment of being at the top, the piston will not only tend to push the penny up but will also descend at a faster rate at which the penny can reach in 'free fall', in that short distance. Therefore, at the highest point, the penny will lose contact with the piston. Therefore the correct answer is C.
2) To solve this problem we will apply the equations related to the simple harmonic movement, hence we have that the acceleration can be defined as

Where,
a = Acceleration
A = Amplitude
= Angular velocity
From a reference system in which the downward acceleration is negative due to the force of gravity we will have to



From the definition of frequency and angular velocity we have to




Therefore the maximum frequency for which the penny just barely remains in place for the full cycle is 2.5Hz
Answer:
reference against doubt
Explanation:
exact standards of measurement are a reference point for situations in doubt , a line against which to test and observe.