Answer:
It has to do with increasing the entropy of the universe.
Explanation:
The modern definition of entropy is that it is the extent to which a system is able to disperse its energy. Energy (such as heat!) likes to spread itself out, so that as many states as possible are occupied with the least amount of energy.
Nuetrons+protons. and number 7 is electrons and protons
When Sodium hydroxide (NaOH ) reacts with H2O the reaction is - Na ( positively charged ) + OH ( with negative charge ) + H2O , therefore B should be the answer .
Given: Molar mass of NaOH=40 g/mol
Volume of NaOH solution=500 mL
Molarity of solution=0.225 M
Molarity of solution is defined as number of moles of solute in 1 L of solution. Thus,

Thus, to calculate the mass of NaOH, first calculate its number of moles by rearranging the above equation and putting values of volume and number of moles.

Now, number of moles are related to mass as follows:

Here, M is molar mass
Rearranging and putting the values of number of moles and molar mass thus,

Therefore, mass of NaOH in 500 mL of 0.225 M NaOH solution is 4.5 g.