Ranking these elements from the least to the greatest ionization energy is Rb, K, Na, Li. Ionization energy is defined as the amount of energy required to remove the most loosely bound electron, the valence electron, of an isolated atom to form a cation.
Isotopes are elements with the same number of protons but different number of neutrons
The arrows B, C, and E represent the process of cooling.
Solid state: In the solid state, the molecules are arranged in a regular and fixed pattern. The molecules in a solid are closely packed that is the solid particles can not move.
Liquid state: In the liquid state, the molecules are present in an irregular pattern. The molecules are closely packed but particles can move.
Gaseous state: In the gaseous state, the molecules are present in an irregular manner. The molecules of gases are not closely packed and can move freely.
Therefore, the solid changes to liquid on heating, and the liquid changes to solid after cooling.
Liquid changes to a gaseous state on heating while gases changes to liquid on cooling.
Solid changes to gas on heating and gases change to solid after cooling.
To learn more about the process of cooling, visit: brainly.com/question/4385546
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