1 Gallon = 3.7854118 Liters
Basically taking water, and then making a different compound react with the water.
Sulfur forms compounds in oxidation states −2 (sulfide, S2−), +4 (sulfite, SO32−), and +6 (sulfate, SO42−). I don't know what type of ion but hope this helps!! :)
I'd say the answer is D because they need to intake and keep as much water as possible.