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Viefleur [7K]
3 years ago
6

A student plans a two-step synthesis of 1-ethyl-3-nitrobenzene from benzene. The first step is nitration of benzene to give nitr

obenzene, and the second step is a Friedel-Crafts alkylation using CH3CH2Cl and AlCl3. The plan is flawed because: A : When the alkyl halide interacts with AlCl3, the resulting carbocation can rearrange before it has a chance to react with the aromatic ring. B : Nitrobenzene is too deactivated (by the nitro group) to undergo a Friedel-Crafts alkylation. C : The nitro group will direct the incoming alkyl group para position, rather than to the meta position. D : A blocking group is required to achieve this synthesis.
Chemistry
1 answer:
arlik [135]3 years ago
7 0

Answer:

Nitrobenzene is too deactivated (by the nitro group) to undergo a Friedel-Crafts alkylation.

Explanation:

The benzene ring in itself does not easily undergo electrophilic substitution reaction. Some groups activate or deactivate the benzene ring towards electrophilic substitution reactions.

-NO2 ia a highly deactivating substituent therefore, Friedel-Crafts alkylation of nitrobenzene does not take place under any conditions.

This reaction scheme is therefore flawed because Nitrobenzene is too deactivated (by the nitro group) to undergo a Friedel-Crafts alkylation.

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4 0
3 years ago
The reaction of NO2 with ozone produces NO3 in a second-order reaction overall.
Brilliant_brown [7]

Answer :  The rate of reaction is,

Rate=4.77\times 10^{-19}M/s

The appearance of NO_3 is, 4.77\times 10^{-19}M/s

Explanation :

The general rate of reaction is,

aA+bB\rightarrow cC+dD

Rate of reaction : It is defined as the change in the concentration of any one of the reactants or products per unit time.

The expression for rate of reaction will be :

\text{Rate of disappearance of A}=-\frac{1}{a}\frac{d[A]}{dt}

\text{Rate of disappearance of B}=-\frac{1}{b}\frac{d[B]}{dt}

\text{Rate of formation of C}=+\frac{1}{c}\frac{d[C]}{dt}

\text{Rate of formation of D}=+\frac{1}{d}\frac{d[D]}{dt}

Rate=-\frac{1}{a}\frac{d[A]}{dt}=-\frac{1}{b}\frac{d[B]}{dt}=+\frac{1}{c}\frac{d[C]}{dt}=+\frac{1}{d}\frac{d[D]}{dt}

From this we conclude that,

In the rate of reaction, A and B are the reactants and C and D are the products.

a, b, c and d are the stoichiometric coefficient of A, B, C and D respectively.

The negative sign along with the reactant terms is used simply to show that the concentration of the reactant is decreasing and positive sign along with the product terms is used simply to show that the concentration of the product is increasing.

The given rate of reaction is,

NO_2(g)+O_3(g)\rightarrow NO_3(g)+O_2(g)

The rate law expression will be:

Rate=k[NO_2][O_3]

Given:

Rate constant = k=1.69\times 10^{-4}M^{-1}s^{-1}

[NO_2] = 1.77\times 10^{-8}M

[O_3] = 1.59\times 10^{-7}M

Rate=k[NO_2][O_3]

Rate=(1.69\times 10^{-4})\times (1.77\times 10^{-8})\times (1.59\times 10^{-7})

Rate=4.77\times 10^{-19}M/s

The expression for rate of appearance of NO_3 :

\text{Rate of reaction}=\text{Rate of appearance of }NO_3=+\frac{d[NO_3]}{dt}

As, \text{Rate of reaction}=4.77\times 10^{-19}M/s

So, \text{Rate of appearance of }NO_3=+\frac{d[NO_3]}{dt}=4.77\times 10^{-19}M/s

Thus, the appearance of NO_3 is, 4.77\times 10^{-19}M/s

7 0
3 years ago
2 points
Westkost [7]

Answer:

Law of conservation of mass

Ernest Rutherford

Explanation:

The basic law of behavior of matter that states that "mass is neither created nor destroyed in a chemical reaction or physical change".

This is the law of conservation of mass. It is very essential in understanding most chemical reaction. Also, in quantitative analysis, this law is pivotal.

Ernest Rutherford was the scientist that stated that the nucleus is made up of positive charge. It was not until James Chadwick in 1932 discovered the neutron that we had an understanding of this nuclear component.

Rutherford surmised from his experiment that because most the alpha particles passed through the thin Gold foil and just a tiny fraction was deflected back, the atom is made is made up of small nucleus that is positively charged.

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3 years ago
Which quantity does a light-year measure?<br><br> A) distance<br> B) speed<br> C) time<br> D) volume
tatuchka [14]

Answer:

speed

Explanation:

6 0
3 years ago
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A sample of wine consists of water, sugar, some amount of ethyl alcohol, and grape juice. These ingredients blend together unifo
NeTakaya

Answer: The sample of wine could be described as numbers 1, 3 & 4

Explanation:

It is a mixture because it is the physical combination of two or more substances

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