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GREYUIT [131]
2 years ago
6

The dehydration of the alcohol functional group is a widely used reaction in organic chemistry. The mechanism is generally accep

ted to always operate via an ______ step-wise process. The _____ mechanism process will always produce (after dehydration) a ________________ style alkene as major product. The driving force for the production of this ________________ style alkene product is generally going to be determined by stability of the ________ ____________.
Chemistry
1 answer:
puteri [66]2 years ago
3 0

Answer:

  1. Elimination
  2. Elimination
  3. Zaitsev
  4. Zaitsev
  5. Carbocation

Explanation:

  • The mechanism is generally accepted to always operate via an ELIMINATION step-wise process.
  • The ELIMINATION mechanism process will always produce (after dehydration) a ZAITSEV style alkene as major product
  • The driving force for the production of this ZAITSEV style alkene product is generally going to be determined by stability of the CARBOCATION

Elimination mechanism is the removal of two substituents  from a molecule in either a one- or two-step mechanism

Carbocation is a molecule containing a positive charged carbon atom and three bonds

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A solution contains 50.0g of heptane (C7H16)and 50.0g of octane (C8H18) at 25 degrees C.The vapor pressures of pure heptane and
AleksandrR [38]

Answer:

a)Pheptane = 24.3 torr          

Poctane = 5.12 torr    

b)Ptotal vapor = 29.42 torr

c)  81 % heptane

    19 % octane

d) See explanation below

Explanation:

The partial pressure is given by Raoult´s law as:

Pa = Xa Pºa where Pa = partial pressure of component A

                               Xa = mole fraction of A

                               Pºa = vapor pressure of pure A

For a binary solution what we have to do is compute the partial  vapor pressure of each component and then add them together to get total vapor pressure.

In order to calculate the composition of the vapor  in part b), we will first calculate the mole fraction of each component in the vapor which is given by the relationship:

          Xa = Pa/Pt where Xa = mol fraction of  in the vapor

                                       Pa = partial pressure of A as calculated above

                                        Pt = total vapor pressure

Once we have mole fractions we can calculate the masses of the components for part c)    

a)                  

 MW heptane = 100.21 g/mol

 MW octane = 114.23 g/mol

mol heptane = 50.0 g / 100.21 g/mol = 0.50 mol

mol octane = 50.0 g/ 114.23 g/mol = 0.44 mol

mol total = 0.94 ⇒ Xa= 0.50/0.94 = 0.53 and

                             Xb= 0.44/0.94 = 0.47

Pheptane = 0.53 x 45.8 torr = 24.3 torr

Poctane = 0.47 x 10.9 torr = 5.12 torr

b) Ptotal = 24.3 torr +5.12 torr = 29.42 torr

c) We will call Y the mole fraction in the vapor to differentiate it from the mole fraction in solution

Y heptane (in the vapor) = 24.3 torr/ 29.42 torr = 0.83

Y octane (in the vapor) = 5.12 torr/ 29.42 torr = 0.17

d) To solve this part   we will assume that since the molecular weights are similar then having a mole fraction for heptane of 0.82, we could say that for every mole of mixture we have 0.82 mol heptane and 0.17 mol octane  and then we can calculate the masses:

0.82 mol x 100.21  g/mol = 82.2 g

0.17 mol x 114.23 g/mol =  19.4 g

total mass = 101.6

% heptane = 82.2 g/101.6g x 100 = 81 %

% octane = 19 %

There is another way to do this more exactly by calculating the average molecular weight of the mixture:

average MW = 0.83 (100.21 g/mol)  + 0.17 ( 114.23 g/mol ) = 102. 6 g/mol

and then  having a mol fraction of 0.83  means in 1 mol of mixture we have 0.83 mol heptane and 0.17 mol octane then the masses are:

mass heptane = 0.83 x 100.21 g/mol = 83.2 g

mass octane = 0.17 x  114.23 g/mol = 19.4 g

mass of mixture = 1 mol x MW mixture = 1 mol x 102.6 g/mol 102.6 g

% heptane = (83.2 g/ 102.6 g ) x 100 g = 81 %

% octane = 100 - 81 = 19 %

d)The composition of the vapor is different from the composition of the solution because the vapor is going to be richer in the more volatile compound in the solution which in this case is heptane ( 45.8  vs 10.9 torr).

4 0
2 years ago
Computers can turn electrical energy into light and sound energy. which other type of energy does a computer produce
prisoha [69]
A. thermal energy
like when the computer gets hot after running for so long
5 0
3 years ago
Which diagram illustrates that matter is always conserved during a chemical reaction?
Alika [10]

Answer:

c

Explanation:

7 0
3 years ago
Read 2 more answers
In stomach, Hydrochloric acid kills micro-organisms in the food. Stomach juices begin to break down p to amino acids. Stomach ju
Butoxors [25]

\huge{ \underline{ \boxed{ \bf{ \green{Answer:}}}}}

Inside the stomach, Hydrochloric acid kills micro-organisms in the food. Stomach juices begin to break down <u>proteins</u> to amino acids.

✤ So, Fill the blank with proteins.

<h3><u>Explanation:-</u></h3>
  • Inside the stomach, the digestion of proteins starts due to the action of pepsin enzyme.
  • But this enzyme remains inactive and is activated by the Hydrochloric acid(HCl).
  • The Hydrochloric acid also helps in killing the germs and microbes which entered along with food.
  • The mucous lines the wall of stomach to protect it from the harm caused by HCl because HCl is a strong acid.
  • In stomach, The partial digestion of proteins occur and rest is digested in the small intestine by Trypsin(Pancreatic enzyme) and Intestinal juices.

<u>━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━</u>

6 0
3 years ago
How to do dimensional analysis chemistry with moles?
almond37 [142]
Moles are a unit of measure used to convert between different quantities like grams, molarity or volume.

Dimensional analysis is doing math with units. They multiply, divide and cancel out just like numbers. This is why like for area of a rectangle: 2m × 3m = 6m² is in units of distance squared and volume is in units of distance cubed.

Example Chemistry question.
Now, say you have 10 grams of NaCl salt that is added to 1 L water and you want to know the concentration. You would look at the periodic table and find the atomic mass of both Sodium (Na = 23 g/mol) and Chloride (Cl = 35.5 g/mol).

Once you have the atomic mass of both elements add them together to get the atomic mass of the compound NaCl = 23 g/mol + 35.5 g/mol = 58.5 g/mol

set up the multiplication so that grams cancels out during multiplication. Like so ....
10 g *  \frac{1mol}{58.5g} = 0.17 mole..NaCl

Grams cancel leaving moles NaCl. The concentration of the solution, molarity = moles/liter
Divide 0.17 moles NaCl by 1 Liters = 0.17 Molarity NaCl

Hope this helps, let me know if you have any questions.

3 0
2 years ago
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