Answer:
1) Has a smaller radius than oxygen because of the increased electromagnetic attraction of the nuclei
2) Has a smaller radius than chlorine because all the electrons of F have lower energy levels and have less repulsion of other electrons and hence are more attracted to the nuclei .
Explanation:
Further the electrons are from the nuclei , the bigger the atomic radius is.
(+) attraction of electrons to the nuclei, (-) repulsion of the electrons away from the nuclei.
1) From O to F:
(+) there is one more proton --> Stronger positive charge of the nuclei means that the electrons are attracted more , then they come closer to it and therefore the radius decreases
(-) There is one more electron --> Every electron is repulsed by others away from the nuclei --> the radius increases. But this effect is not so strong because the new electron is added at the same energy level.
Overall the (+) effect is stronger than the (-) effect --> Radius decreases from O to F
2) From F to Cl
(+) there is one more protons --> Same effect as before
(-) There is one more electron --> Every electron is repulsed by others away from the nuclei. But this time the new electrons have a higher energy level --> Meaning that they are less attracted and hence the radius increases.
And also the other inner layers of electrons (electrons of lower energy levels) repulse this new external layer of electrons more effectively than the case of O --> Strong repulsion effect (called electron shielding effect) --> Radius increases
Overall the (-) effect is stronger than the (+) effect --> Radius increases from F to Cl (or decreases from Cl to F)
Diffusion is the physical process whereby atoms or molecules tend to move from an area of higher concentration or pressure to an area of lower concentration or pressure.
In the field of science, diffusion can be described as a process in which molecules move along the concentration gradient i,e from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration.
The process of diffusion is extremely useful in many everyday living conditions. For example, it is due to diffusion that carbon dioxide and oxygen are exchanged between the lungs and the blood. Diffusion of water, salts, and water is an important process that occurs in the kidneys.
We can divide diffusion into two main types which are simple diffusion and facilitated diffusion. Simple diffusion occurs without any carrier molecule. On the other hand, facilitated diffusion occurs with aid of a carrier molecule.
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The volume of 0.0850 M NaOH is required to titrate 25.0 ml of 0.0720 M is 21.176 ml.
<h3>What are normality and molarity?</h3>
Normality is defined as the number of equivalents per litre of the solution
It is given by
Normality = number of equivalents / 1 L of solution
Molarity is defined as the number of moles of solute present in one litre of solution
Molarity = moles of solute / 1 litre of solution
Relationship between molarity and normality
Normality = Molarity × Acidity or Basicity of a salt
Here, the Acidity Of NaOH is 1 and the basicity of HBr is also 1.
Thus, Normality = Molarity
We know, N₁V₁ = N₂V₂
We can also write it as M₁V₁ = M₂V₂
V1 =
Substitute M₁ = 0.0850 M, M₂ = 0.0720 M, V₂= 25 ml
V1 = 21.176 ml
Hence, The volume of 0. 0850 m NaOH are required to titrate 25. 0 ml of 0. 0720 m is 21.176 ml.
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Answer:
Tree
Explanation:
Because is the plant and plants are the producers