Alkali metals = Group 1A
Halogens = Group 7A
Answer:
For NADH; P:O = 2.5
For FADH
₂; P : O = 1.5
Explanation:
The P:O (phosphate:oxygen) ratio represents the amount of inorganic phosphate, Pi used per atom of oxygen consume to synthesize ATP.
The Chemiosmotic theory predicts H⁺:O and H⁺:ATP ratios. Experimentally these appear to be 10 and 4 respectively when NADH is the substrate, equivalent to a P:O ratio of 2.5, and 6 and 4 respectively for FAD-linked substrates (e.g. succinate), equivalent to a P:O ratio of 1.5.
1. Electron flow from NADH to O₂ pumps protons at three sites to yield 3 ATP (P:O = 2.5)
For NADH: 10 H
⁺ translocated/O (2e
-)
ATP/2e
- = (10 H⁺/ 4 H
+) = 2.5
2. Succinate (via FADH2) bypasses site 1 giving 2 ATP (P : O = 1.5)
For FADH
₂= 6 H
⁺/O(2e
-
)
ATP/2e
- = (6 H
+/ 4 H
+) = 1.5
- The key difference between tap water and distilled water is that tap water may contain impurities whereas distilled water does not contain impurities. Water covers more than 70% of the earth' surface. Thus, there is less than 1% of water left for direct human use.
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Answer:
17188 years
Explanation:
Recall the formula;
0.693/t1/2 = 2.303/t log(No/N)
t1/2 = half life of 14C
No = initial activity of 14C
N = activity of 14C at time t
t = age of the sample
Substituting values
0.693/5730= 2.303/t log(160/ 20)
1.21 * 10^-4= 2.0798/t
t = 2.0798/1.21 * 10^-4
t = 17188 years
