Heat must be added in order for a substance to change from a liquid to a gas. This is call vaporization.
If you're dealing with gases, some of them could escape the container. Or, if you're dealing with liquids, there could be some outside factors playing in. In general, you need a closed system to observe a reaction accurately.
Explanation:
An element just has one-type atoms/atom (e.g. O2). Meanwhile, a compound is a variety of atoms (e.g. H2O).
You take the mass of carbon dioxide, 56.8g, divide by its molar mass, 44.01g/mol, to produce the moles of carbon dioxide. This is multiplied by the molar ratio of butane/CO2, (2/8) = 1/4, which gives the moles of butane required to produce the carbon dioxide.
The number of particles (molecules or atoms) is: 6.022 x 10²³ particles (atoms or molecules).
1 mol of H₂O has 6.022 x 10²³ molecules.
1 mol of Al has 6.022 x 10²³ atoms.
