a) El Niño is defined as an abnormal weather pattern caused by the warming of the Pacific Ocean near the equator, off the coast of South America. The sun warms the water near the equator, which can make more clouds and, therefore, more rain. It has detrimental effects on biodiversity leading to its large-scale loss by
warmer sea temperatures leading to plankton and fish kills in coastal waters
lower sea levels leading to exposure of underwater coral reefs, causing their loss.
Answer:

Explanation:
As per the formula of thermal expansion we know that

so here we will have



so here change in the length of the rod is given as



