I believe the correct answer is A. Na(g) — Na+(g) + e-
<span>the special property of water as universal solvent is because of the existing hydrogen bonding between oxygen and hydrogen molecules. Adhesion and cohesion are one of the repercussions of hydrogen bonding. Higher temperature causes hydrogen bonds to break while lower thresholds causes them to stabilize the bonds.
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The following quantities will effect the reaction rate as follows:
1. On increasing Concentration of the reactant: Rate of the reaction will increases.
2. On increasing pressure : Increases the rate of reaction to the side where there are fewer number of molecules.
3.On increasing temperature of an endothermic reaction: Increases the rate of reaction
4. On decreasing temperature of an endothermic reaction: Increases the rate of reaction.
So the answer is increase pressure, decrease temperature, increase concentration will increases the rate of the reaction.
