We can do the nitration of benzene by treating the benzene with a mixture of nitric acid and sulphuric acid by not extending the temperature of 50°C

Explanation:

Nitration of benzene takes place by treating the benzene with a mixture of nitric acid and sulphuric acid at low temperatures such as the temperatures below 50°C

The nitration of benzene takes place through electrophilic substitution reaction

In this reaction the electrophile is nitronium ion (NO2+) which performs an electrophilic substitution reaction on the benzene ring and during the reaction an intermediate will also be formed in which there will be positive charge distributed in the benzene

These electrophile is generated when nitric acid is treated with sulphuric acid

As nitric acid is a strong oxidising agent, here in this case the oxidation state of nitrogen will change from +5 to +3

The reactions regarding the nitration of benzene is present in the file attached