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2 years ago

What is the need to achieve population inversion

Engineering

1 answer:

notka56 [123]2 years ago

3 0

Explanation:

Population inversion is a process of achieving more electrons in the higher energy state than the lower energy state. In order to achieve population inversion, we need to supply energy to the laser medium. The process of supplying energy to the laser medium is called pumping.

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An aquifer has three different formations. Formation A has a thickness of 8.0 m and hydraulic conductivity of 25.0 m/d. Formatio

saveliy_v [14]

Answer:

The horizontal conductivity is 41.9 m/d.

The vertical conductivity is 37.2 m/d.

Explanation:

Given that,

Thickness of A = 8.0 m

Conductivity = 25.0 m/d

Thickness of B = 2.0 m

Conductivity = 142 m/d

Thickness of C = 34 m

Conductivity = 40 m/d

We need to calculate the horizontal conductivity

Using formula of horizontal conductivity

$K_{H}=\dfrac{H_{A}K_{A}+H_{A}K_{A}+H_{A}K_{A}}{H_{A}+H_{B}+H_{C}}$

Put the value into the formula

$K_{H}=\dfrac{8.0\times25+2,0\times142+34\times40}{8.0+2.0+34}$

$K_{H}=41.9\ m/d$

We need to calculate the vertical conductivity

Using formula of vertical conductivity

$K_{V}=\dfrac{H_{A}+H_{B}+H_{C}}{\dfrac{H_{A}}{K_{A}}+\dfrac{H_{B}}{K_{B}}+\dfrac{H_{C}}{K_{C}}}$

Put the value into the formula

$K_{V}=\dfrac{8.0+2.0+34}{\dfrac{8.0}{25}+\dfrac{2.0}{142}+\dfrac{34}{40}}$

$K_{V}=37.2\ m/d$

Hence, The horizontal conductivity is 41.9 m/d.

The vertical conductivity is 37.2 m/d.

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2 years ago

ممكن الحل ............

Roman55 [17]

Answer:

i dont understand

Explanation:

4 0

3 years ago

The advantages of solar cells include all of the following, except a.moderate net energy yield b.little or no direct emissions o

Xelga [282]

Answer:

Explanation:

One of the disadvantages of solar cells is that electricity storage systems are not readily available. Excess energy generated by the solar panels are wasted except they are stored by solar batteries for later use. There are various systems for storing electricity from solar cells apart from solar batteries which is the common storage system. An example of another electricity storage system for solar cell is using the water electrolyzer to store solar energy which can be used to later generate hydroelectricity.

Advantages of a solar cell includes Renewable energy, Economy-friendly and environmental-friendly energy and good durability

6 0

3 years ago

A closed, rigid tank is lled with a gas modeled as an ideal gas, initially at 27°C and a gage pressure of 300 kPa. The gas is he

sergejj [24]

Answer:

T₂ =93.77 °C

Explanation:

Initial temperature ,T₁ =27°C= 273 +27 = 300 K

We know that

Absolute pressure = Gauge pressure + Atmospheric pressure

Initial pressure ,P₁ = 300+1=301 kPa

Final pressure ,P₂= 367+1 = 368 kPa

Lets take temperature=T₂

We know that ,If the volume of the gas is constant ,then we can say that

$\dfrac{P_2}{P_1}=\dfrac{T_2}{T_1}$

${T_2}=T_1\times \dfrac{P_2}{P_1}$

Now by putting the values in the above equation we get

${T_2}=300\times \dfrac{368}{301}\ K$

The temperature in °C

T₂ = 366.77 - 273 °C

T₂ =93.77 °C

8 0

3 years ago

What is the never repeat rule

Soloha48 [4]

Don't repeat yourself (DRY, or sometimes do not repeat yourself) is a principle of software development aimed at reducing repetition of software patterns,[1] replacing it with abstractions or using data normalization to avoid redundancy.

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2 years ago

What is the need to achieve population inversion​

What is the need to achieve population inversion