Answer: 24 pA
Explanation:
As pure silicon is a semiconductor, the resistivity value is strongly dependent of temperature, as the main responsible for conductivity, the number of charge carriers (both electrons and holes) does.
Based on these considerations, we found that at room temperature, pure silicon resistivity can be approximated as 2.1. 10⁵ Ω cm.
The resistance R of a given resistor, is expressed by the following formula:
R = ρ L / A
Replacing by the values for resistivity, L and A, we have
R = 2.1. 10⁵ Ω cm. (10⁴ μm/cm). 50 μm/ 0.5 μm2
R = 2.1. 10¹¹ Ω
Assuming that we can apply Ohm´s Law, the current that would pass through this resistor for an applied voltage of 5 V, is as follows:
I = V/R = 5 V / 2.1.10¹¹ Ω = 2.38. 10⁻¹¹ A= 24 pA
Answer: 3 different types of people using Highway Transportation system are :
1. Pedestrians - should be given priority while driving.
2. Cyclists - should be given enough space on road.
3. Motorcyclists- should be given enough space on road.
Explanation:
1. Pedestrians - Most of pedestrians use to walk on the footpath along side road that keeps them on a safe side. But there are places without footpath along side road, in that case they have to walk on the road itself. Here, we need to take care for them. We need to wait in case they are crossing road and also check for them while taking a turn.
2. Cyclists - They travel on road but are tough to figure out. They travel at a slower pace compared to cars. To avoid any accident with them, we are supposed to give them enough space which should be equivalent to a car's space.
3. Motorcyclists - They can pass by very closely and also come between lanes. Most of the things to be considered here are same as that of cyclists. Here also, we need to check for them carefully while taking a turn. Also, need to give them enough space.
The back-work ratio much higher in the Brayton cycle than in the Rankine cycle because a gas cycle is the Brayton cycle, while a steam cycle is the Rankine cycle. Particularly, the creation of water droplets will be a constraint on the steam turbine's efficiency. Since gas has a bigger specific volume than steam, the compressor will have to work harder while using gas.
<h3>What are modern Brayton engines?</h3>
Even originally Brayton exclusively produced piston engines, modern Brayton engines are virtually invariably of the turbine variety. Brayton engines are also gas turbines.
<h3>What is the ranking cycle?</h3>
A gas cycle is the Brayton cycle, while the Ranking cycle is a steam cycle. The production of water droplets will especially decrease the steam turbine's performance. Gas-powered compressors will have to do more work since gas's specific volume is greater than steam's.
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