<u>Answer </u>
A. that the initial gravitational potential energy of the masses transformed into kinetic energy of the paddles and then to thermal energy in the water
<u>Explanation</u>
James Joule allowed some water to fall from a height of 1 foot. the water would turn a paddle wheel at the bottom causing a temperature of water to raise.
The height form which the water fell, mass and the temperature of water was measured and used to calculate mechanical equivalent of heat.
From the choices given the best answer is A. that the initial gravitational potential energy of the masses transformed into kinetic energy of the paddles and then to thermal energy in the water.
Cl2 is the answer. Hope this helps you.
Answer:
The force with which the tenth car pulls the eleventh one is called tension and is equal to:
T=119715.91 N
Explanation:
The force (F) with which the tenth car pulls the eleventh one is called tension and its direction is the X-direction or horizontal. According to Newton's Second Law of motion:

That is, the force of the car is equal to the acceleration (a) times its mass (m). The acceleration is the change in the velocity divided by the time (i is for initial and f is for final).

Using Newton's second law:
To find the forces, you have to solve the equilibrium in X-direction:

Now you can substitute the accelertion in terms of velocity and time:

Solve the equation using the data from the problem, remember that the mass of the object is 10 times the mass of one car because the 10th car has to pull all the other cars:

d.) a and b only
This is because sound needs a medium to travel. It can travel in a solid (the fastest) and air for example. Sound waves cannot propagate through a vacuum and since space is a vacuum the answer is a and b only.