It depends on what the element is. But the maximum number of electrons an atom can hold for its second shell is 8
<u>Answer:</u> The volume of carbon dioxide gas at STP for given amount is 106.624 L
<u>Explanation:</u>
We are given:
Moles of carbon dioxide = 4.76 moles
<u>At STP:</u>
1 mole of a gas occupies a volume of 22.4 Liters
So, for 4.76 moles of carbon dioxide gas will occupy a volume of = 
Hence, the volume of carbon dioxide gas at STP for given amount is 106.624 L
Water (H
2O) is a polar inorganic compound that is at room temperature a tasteless and odorless liquid, which is nearly colorless apart from an inherent hint of blue. It is by far the most studied chemical compound and is described as the "universal solvent" [18][19] and the "solvent of life".[20] It is the most abundant substance on Earth[21] and the only common substance to exist as a solid, liquid, and gas on Earth's surface.[22] It is also the third most abundant molecule in the universe.[21]
Water (H
2O)


NamesIUPAC name
water, oxidane
Other names
Hydrogen hydroxide (HH or HOH), hydrogen oxide, dihydrogen monoxide (DHMO) (systematic name[1]), hydrogen monoxide, dihydrogen oxide, hydric acid, hydrohydroxic acid, hydroxic acid, hydrol,[2] μ-oxido dihydrogen
Identifiers
CAS Number
7732-18-5 
3D model (JSmol)
Interactive image
Beilstein Reference
3587155ChEBI
CHEBI:15377 
ChEMBL
ChEMBL1098659 
ChemSpider
937 
Gmelin Reference
117
PubChem CID
962
RTECS numberZC0110000UNII
059QF0KO0R 
InChI
InChI=1S/H2O/h1H2 
Key: XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 
SMILES
O
Properties
Chemical formula
H
2OMolar mass18.01528(33) g/molAppearanceWhite crystalline solid, almost colorless liquid with a hint of blue, colorless gas[3]OdorNoneDensityLiquid:[4]
0.9998396 g/mL at 0 °C
0.9970474 g/mL at 25 °C
0.961893 g/mL at 95 °C
Solid:[5]
0.9167 g/ml at 0 °CMelting point0.00 °C (32.00 °F; 273.15 K) [a]Boiling point99.98 °C (211.96 °F; 373.13 K) [6][a]SolubilityPoorly soluble in haloalkanes, aliphaticand aromatic hydrocarbons, ethers.[7]Improved solubility in carboxylates, alcohols, ketones, amines. Miscible with methanol, ethanol, propanol, isopropanol, acetone, glycerol, 1,4-dioxane, tetrahydrofuran, sulfolane, acetaldehyde, dimethylformamide, dimethoxyethane, dimethyl sulfoxide, acetonitrile. Partially miscible with Diethyl ether, Methyl Ethyl Ketone, Dichloromethane, Ethyl Acetate, Bromine.Vapor pressure3.1690 kilopascals or 0.031276 atm[8]Acidity (pKa)13.995[9][10][b]Basicity (pKb)13.995Conjugate acidHydroniumConjugate baseHydroxideThermal conductivity0.6065 W/(m·K)[13]
Refractive index (nD)
1.3330 (20 °C)[14]Viscosity0.890 cP[15]Structure
Crystal structure
Hexagonal
Point group
C2v
Molecular shape
Bent
Dipole moment
1.8546 D[16]Thermochemistry
Heat capacity (C)
75.375 ± 0.05 J/(mol·K)[17]
Std molar
entropy (So298)
69.95 ± 0.03 J/(mol·K)[17]
Std enthalpy of
formation (ΔfHo298)
−285.83 ± 0.04 kJ/mol[7][17]
Gibbs free energy (ΔfG˚)
−237.24 kJ/mol[7]
Answer:
<u><em></em></u>
- <u><em>C) How much energy was added to the substance to increase molecule motion? </em></u>
Explanation:
<em>The most relevant question to ask regarding this change</em> must take into account the physical knowledge about matter.
When matter changes from<em> liquid </em>state to <em>gaseous</em> state, a physical change called evaporation, the particles (molecules or atoms) of the <em>pure substance </em>will separate from each other, take up more space and move faster.
<em>Condensation</em> is the opposite to evaporation, thus the option A) is not the most relevant question.
<em>The charge of the particles</em> does not change; so the option B) is not relevant at all.
The particles should gain energy from the surroundings to <em>increase</em> their <em>motion</em> (kinetic energy) when they pass from liquid state, where they move slower, to gas state, where they move faster. Hence, the option<em> C), How much energy was added to the substance to increase molecule motion?</em> , is totally relevant.
Since this is an increase in the <em>kinetic energy of the molecules</em>, the option D) is not relevant.
