The result that should be established is in the form
y = f(x)
where x, the amount of sunlight is the controlled (independent) variable,
y = height (growth) that corresponds to the amount of sunlight. Therefore y depends on x.
Clearly,
x, the amount of sunlight is the independent variable. It can be controlled.
y, the measured amount of growth is the dependent variable.
Answer:
The independent variable is the amount of sunlight.
The dependent variable is the growth.
Explanation:
Given that,
Angle by the normal to the slip α= 60°
Angle by the slip direction with the tensile axis β= 35°
Shear stress = 6.2 MPa
Applied stress = 12 MPa
We need to calculate the shear stress applied at the slip plane
Using formula of shear stress

Put the value into the formula


Since, the shear stress applied at the slip plane is less than the critical resolved shear stress
So, The crystal will not yield.
Now, We need to calculate the applied stress necessary for the crystal to yield
Using formula of stress

Put the value into the formula


Hence, This is the required solution.
The volume of the balloon will halve
Explanation:
Boyle's law states that for an ideal gas kept at constant temperature, the pressure of the gas is proportional to its volume. Mathematically,

where
p is the gas pressure
V is the volume
The equation can also be rewritten as

And if we apply it to the gas inside the balloon in this problem (assuming its temperature is constant), we have:
is the initial pressure at sea level (the atmospheric pressure)
is the initial volume
is the final pressure
is the final volume
Substituting into the equation, we find:

Which means that the volume of the balloon will halve.
Learn more about ideal gases:
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Assume the snow is uniform, and horizontal.
Given:
coefficient of kinetic friction = 0.10 = muK
weight of sled = 48 N
weight of rider = 660 N
normal force on of sled with rider = 48+660 N = 708 N = N
Force required to maintain a uniform speed
= coefficient of kinetic friction * normal force
= muK * N
= 0.10 * 708 N
=70.8 N
Note: it takes more than 70.8 N to start the sled in motion, because static friction is in general greater than kinetic friction.