Eight electrons surrounding each non-hydrogen atom is the optimal electronic arrangement for covalent molecules because it is needed to achieve an octet structure and is necessary to fill both the s and p subshells of electrons.
<h3>What is Covalent bonding?</h3>
This is the type of bonding which involves the sharing of electrons between atoms of an element.
This is done to achieve an octet configuration thereby making them stable and less reactive thereby making it the most appropriate choice.
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We are given information:
m = 0.0450 kg
Δv = 25.2 m/s
Δt = 1.95 ms = 0.00195s
To find force we use formula:
F = m * a
a is acceleration. To find it we use formula:
a = Δv / Δt
a = 25.2 / 0.00195
a = 12923.1 m/s^2
Now we can find force:
F = 0.0450 * 12923.1
F = 581.5 N
To check the effect of the ball's weight on this movement we need to calculate it and then compare it to this force.
W = m * g
W = 0.0450 * 9.81
W = 0.44145 N
We can see that weight is much smaller than the applied force so it's influence in negligible.
<h2>
Answer</h2>
Causality means reason behind the process
<h2>
Explanation</h2>
In the scientific inquiries, scientists perform different activities with the help of previous knowledge and scientific ways to renew the knowledge or discover the new ideas. It is a common belief that in every process that is happening in nature have many functions and reasons behind it. Scientists are always in the struggle to find these reasons and their importance regarding their happenings. When the scientists are in hurry to know about the causality, it means they are helping the scientific knowledge with the discovery of new reasons for happens.
Answer:
The magnitude of gravitational force between two masses is 
.
Explanation:
Given that,
Mass of first lead ball, 
Mass of the other lead ball, 
The center of a large ball is separated by 0.057 m from the center of a small ball, r = 0.057 m
We need to find the magnitude of the gravitational force between the masses. It is given by the formula of the gravitational force. It is given by :
So, the magnitude of gravitational force between two masses is . Hence, this is the required solution.
Thermal energy is transforming, i think.
