Answer:
D
Explanation:
The source of the thermal energy in a combustion engine is the spark from the spark plug that ignites the fuel and air mixture converting chemical energy into thermal energy.
The number of mole of ethanol present in the beaker is 0.217 mole
Description of mole
The mole of a substance is related to it's mass and molar mass according to the following equation:
Mole = mass / molar mass
How to determine the mole of C₂H₅OH
From the question given above, the following data were obtained:
Mass of C₂H₅OH = 10 g
Molar mass of C₂H₅OH = (12×2) + (1.01×5) + 16 + 1.01 = 46.06 g/mol
Mole of C₂H₅OH =?
Mole = mass / molar mass
Mole of C₂H₅OH = 10 / 46.06
Mole of C₂H₅OH = 0.217 mole
Learn more about mole:
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The number of electrons in an atom's outermost valence shell governs its bonding behaviour. Elements whose atoms have the same number of valence electrons are grouped together in the Periodic Table. ... Nonmetals tend to attract additional valence electrons to form either ionic or covalent bonds.
Change of state occurs when heat is supplied or removed from a substance.
<h3>What is change of state?</h3>
Change of state refers to the changes that occur when a substance changes from one physical state to another due to changes in its temperature.
It is also known as phase change.
Phase Change can also be defined as change from one state to another without a change in chemical composition.
Some of the phase changes include:
- Freezing: when liquid changes to solid
- Condensation: when gas changes to liquid
- Melting: when solid changes to liquid
- Evaporation: when liquid changes to gas
The other terms associated with phase change include:
- Boiling point: the temperature at which vapor pressure becomes high that causes bubbles to form inside the body of the liquid
- Freezing point: temperature wherein a liquid solidifies
- Melting point: the temperature at which solid turns into a liquid.
Learn more about change of state at: brainly.com/question/18372554
Answer:
See detailed answer with explanation below.
Explanation:
Valence electrons are electrons found on the outermost shell of an atom. They are the electrons in an atom that participate in chemical combination. Recall that the outermost shell of an atom is also referred to as its valence shell. Let us consider an example; if we look at the atom, sodium-11, its electronic configuration is 2,8,1. The last one electron is the valence electron of sodium which is found in its outermost or valence shell.
Positive ions are formed when electrons are lost from the valence shell of an atom. For instance, if the outermost electron in sodium is lost, we now form the sodium ion Na^+ which is a positive ion. Positive ions possess less number of electrons compared to their corresponding atoms.
Negative ions are formed when one or more electrons is added to the valence shell of an atom. A negative ion possesses more electrons than its corresponding atom. For example, chlorine(Cl) contains 17 electrons but the chloride ion (Cl^-) contains 18 electrons.
In molecular compounds, a bond is formed when two electrons are shared between the bonding atoms. Each bonding atom may contribute one of the shared electrons (ordinary covalent bond) or one of the bonding atoms may provide the both shared electrons (coordinate covalent bond). The shared pair may be located at an equidistant position to the nucleus of both atoms. Similarly, the electron may be drawn closer to the nucleus of one atom than the other (polar covalent bond) depending on the electro negativity of the two bonding atoms.
The electrons are shared in order to complete the octet of each atom by so doing, the both bonding atoms now obey the octet rule. For example, two chlorine atoms may come together to form a covalent bond in which each chlorine atom has an octet of electrons on its outermost shell.
