Forming a covalent bond
A covalent bond is formed when two atoms share a pair of electrons. Covalent bonding occurs in most non-metal elements, and in compounds formed between non-metals.
These shared electrons are found in the outer shells of the atoms. Usually each atom contributes one electron to the shared pair of electrons.
The slideshow shows how a covalent bond forms between a hydrogen atom and a chlorine atom, making hydrogen chloride.
Structures of a hydrogen atom and a chlorine atom.
1. A hydrogen atom with one electron and a chlorine atom with 17 electrons
Molecules
Most covalently bonded substances consist of small molecules. A molecule is a group of two or more atoms joined together by covalent bonds. Molecules of the same element or compound always contain the same number of atoms of each element.
The atoms in a molecule are always joined together by a covalent bond. Substances that are made up of ions do not form molecules.
Sizes of atoms and simple molecules
A small molecule contains only a few atoms, so atoms and small molecules have a similar range of sizes. They are very small, typically around 0.1 nm or 1 × 10-10 m across.
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To solve this question you need to calculate the number of the gas molecule. The calculation would be:
PV=nRT
n=PV/RT
n= 1 atm * 40 L/ (0.082 L atm mol-1K-<span>1 * 298.15K)
</span>n= 1.636 moles
The volume at bottom of the lake would be:
PV=nRT
V= nRT/P
V= (1.636 mol * 277.15K* 0.082 L atm mol-1K-1 )/ 11 atm= <span>3.38 L</span>
Answer:
The activation energy for the decomposition = 33813.28 J/mol
Explanation:
Using the expression,
Wherem
is the activation energy
R is Gas constant having value = 8.314 J / K mol
Thus, given that, = ?
The conversion of T( °C) to T(K) is shown below:
T(K) = T( °C) + 273.15
So,
T = (5 + 273.15) K = 278.15 K
T = (25 + 273.15) K = 298.15 K
So,
<u>The activation energy for the decomposition = 33813.28 J/mol</u>
Answer:
2,2,4-Trimethyl-pentane
Explanation:
Structural characteristics of the compound is as follows:
- Has five methyl group
- Has one quaternary carbon
- No. double bond
- Gives four monochloro substitution products
Compound must have straight chain of 5 carbons.
Three methyl substituents are attached to 2 and 4 carbons.
Therefore, IUPAC name of the compound will be 2,2,4-Trimethyl-pentane.
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