The iron nail displaces the Cu from the copper sulfate solution. This results in the color of CuSO4's disappearance. Copper is less reactive than iron.
(a) One form of the Clausius-Clapeyron equation is
ln(P₂/P₁) = (ΔHv/R) * (1/T₁ - 1/T₂); where in this case:
Solving for ΔHv:
- ΔHv = R * ln(P₂/P₁) / (1/T₁ - 1/T₂)
- ΔHv = 8.31 J/molK * ln(5.3/1.3) / (1/358.96 - 1/392.46)
(b) <em>Normal boiling point means</em> that P = 1 atm = 101.325 kPa. We use the same formula, using the same values for P₁ and T₁, and replacing P₂ with atmosferic pressure, <u>solving for T₂</u>:
- ln(P₂/P₁) = (ΔHv/R) * (1/T₁ - 1/T₂)
- 1/T₂ = 1/T₁ - [ ln(P₂/P₁) / (ΔHv/R) ]
- 1/T₂ = 1/358.96 K - [ ln(101.325/1.3) / (49111.12/8.31) ]
(c)<em> The enthalpy of vaporization</em> was calculated in part (a), and it does not vary depending on temperature, meaning <u>that at the boiling point the enthalpy of vaporization ΔHv is still 49111.12 J/molK</u>.
Answer: m Most likely Group2 metals and Group 17 non-ktta
Explanation:
A little more information is needed to be certain, but the likely answer is that X belongs to Group 2 and Y belongs to Group 17. Group 2 metals (Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, etc.) are all divalent. They gave rive up 2 electrons each to return to a full shell. Group 17 elements (e,g, F, Cl, Br, I, etc.) all require 1 electron to reach a full valence shell. That would make the proportion 1X to 2Y, or XY2. It is possible that a metal outside of Group 2 would also have a valency of 2. Iron(II) forms FeCl2, for example.
Most nonmetals are found at the top right of the periodic table. The exception is hydrogen, which is usually placed at the top left with the alkali metals.
Ionic bonding is a type of chemical bond that occurs when the atom of a metal definitively gives up one or more electrons to the atom of a nonmetal or hydrogen.
A covalent bond is one in which the atoms of chemical elements share their electrons in order to be stable. Covalent bonding is a type of chemical bond that occurs between hydrogen atoms and nonmetals.
With this in mind...
Lithium (Li) and Oxygen (O) - Li is a metal and Oxygen a nonmetal, so ionic bond.
Chlorine (Cl) and Fluorine (F) - Cl is a nonmetal and Fluorine is a nonmetal, so covalent bond.
Calcium (Ca) and Sulfur (S) - Calcium is a metal and Sulfur is a nonmetal, so ionic bond.
Answer: Lithium (Li) and Oxygen (O) - ionic bond.
Chlorine (Cl) and Fluorine (F) - covalent bond.
Calcium (Ca) and Sulfur (S) - ionic bond.
