Answer:
ΔW = 1.168 × 10 ⁻²⁰ Joule
Explanation:
Given:
Change in Electric potential Δ V=Vout - Vin=0.073 V
Charge on sodium ions q = 1.6 ×10 ⁻¹⁹ C (+ve because of Missing one electron)
Work done by the electric fore when a sodium ions moves from outside to inside the cell is the change in the Electric potential energy Uout -Uin = ΔU
we have
ΔW =ΔU = q ΔV
ΔW = 1.6 ×10 ⁻¹⁹ C × 0.073 V
ΔW = 1.168 × 10 ⁻²⁰ Joule
Answer:
It can occur only when light is incident on an interface where the index of refraction on the other side is less.
Explanation:
When the light passes from a denser medium, with refractive index n1, to another less dense medium, with refractive index n2, the incident light beam is refracted in such a way that it is not able to cross the surface between both media, the light beam is fully reflected and completely confining in the optically denser medium through which it propagates. For this phenomenon to occur, it is necessary that the angle of the incident light beam with respect to the normal be greater than or equal to the critical incidence angle θc. The critical angle can be calculated as :

Atomic mass can change through the process of fusion. Another way is, it can also change in nuclear fusion.
Motion is detected when an object changes its position with respect to a reference point. Coordinate system is basically used to represent motion. A coordinate system uses numbers or coordinates which represent position of the reference points on a two-dimensional or three-dimensional space. The trajectory of a point or line can be studied on a coordinate system which describes various aspects of motion like velocity, acceleration, distance, displacement etc. Coordinate system is important because it helps to choose a starting point and the direction (which will be positive).