Answers:
1. 3-ethyl-3-methylheptane; 2. 2,2,3,3-tetramethylpentane; 3. hexa-2,4-diene.
Explanation:
<em>Structure 1
</em>
- Identify and name the longest continuous chain of carbon atoms (the main chain has 7 C; ∴ base name = heptane).
- Identify and name all the substituents [a 1C substituent (methyl) and a 2C substituent (methyl).
- Number the main chain from the end closest to a substituent.
- Identify the substituents by the number of the C atom on the main chain. Use hyphens between letters and numbers (3-methyl, 3-ethyl).
- Put the names of the substituents in alphabetical order in front of the base name with no spaces (3-ethyl-3-methylheptane)
<em>Structure 2</em>
- 5C. Base name = pentane
- Four methyl groups.
- Number from the left-hand end.
- If there is more than one substituent of the same type, identify each substituent by its locating number and use a multiplying prefix to show the number of each substituent. Use commas between numbers (2,2,3,3-tetramethyl).
- The name is 2,2,3,3-tetramethylpentane.
<em>Structure 3
</em>
- Identify and name the longest continuous chain of carbon atoms that passes through as many double bonds as possible. Drop the <em>-ne</em> ending of the alkane to get the root name <em>hexa-</em>.
- (No substituents).
- Number the main chain from the end closest to a double bond.
- If there is more than one double bond use a multiplying prefix to indicate the number of double bonds (two double bonds = diene) and use the smaller of the two numbers of the C=C atoms as the double bond locators (2,4-diene)
- Put the functional group name at the end of the root name (hexa-2,4-diene).
<em>Note</em>: The name 2,4-hexadiene is <em>acceptable</em>, but the <em>Preferred IUPAC Name</em> puts the locating numbers as close as possible in front of the groups they locate.
Answer:
The least substituted product (anti-Markovnikov)
Explanation:
The ROOR is used in the addition reaction of HBr to an organic substance (an alkene for example).
In normal conditions (with no ROOR) the adition of the halogen will be performed in the most substituted C (following the rule of Markovnikov that says that the stability increases with the more substituted is the C).
But in presence of ROOR, the reaction takes other mechanism (free radicals), and the product in this case is the one with the Br added in the least substituted C.
Answer:
Elements that occupy the same column on the periodic table
Answer:
Physical properties increasing atomic number
Explanation:
The modern periodic table is arranged by the increasing atomic number and for that reason elements with similar chemical properties are in the same group
<h2>Answer:</h2>
A.NH4Cl
<h2>Explanations:</h2><h2>How are buffer formed?</h2>
Buffers are formed by mixing an equal amount of weak base or acids and their corresponding salts.
Therefore in order to make a buffer with NH3 (a weak base), then a corresposding weak salt is required. A corresponding salt for the given base is NH4Cl