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Artist 52 [7]
3 years ago
6

The U.S. requires automobile fuels to contain a renewable component. The fermentation of glucose from corn produces ethanol, whi

ch is added to gasoline to fulfill this requirement: C6H12O6(s) → 2 C2H5OH(l) + 2 CO2(g) Calculate ΔH o , ΔS o and ΔG o for the reaction at 25°C. Is the spontaneity of this reaction dependent on temperature? ΔH o rxn = kJ ΔS o rxn = J/K ΔG o rxn = kJ
The reaction is:


spontaneous at all temperatures

nonspontaneous at all temperatures

spontaneous only at high temperatures

spontaneous only at low temperatures

spontaneous only in the reverse direction
Chemistry
1 answer:
Maslowich3 years ago
4 0

Answer:

ΔH° = -67.9 kJ

ΔS° = 536.7 J/K = 0.5367 kJ/K

ΔG° = -227.8 kJ

the reaction is spontaneous at all temperatures

Explanation:

Step 1: Data given

Temperature = 25.0 °C

ΔH°f(glucose) = - 1274.5 kJ/ mol

ΔH°f(C2H5OH) = -277.7 kJ/mol

ΔH°f(CO2) = -393.5 kJ/mol

S°(glucose) = 212.1 J/ K)

S°(C2H5OH) = 160.7 J/K

S°(CO2) = 213.7 J/K

Step 2: The balanced equation

C6H12O6(s) → 2 C2H5OH(l) + 2 CO2(g)

Step 3: Calculate ΔH°

ΔH° = 2*ΔH°f(C2H5OH) + 2ΔH°f(CO2) - ΔH°f(glucose)

ΔH° = 2*(-277.7 kJ) + 2*(-393.5 kJ) - (-1274.5 kJ)

ΔH° = -555.4 kJ + (-787 kJ) +1274.5 kJ)

ΔH° = -67.9 kJ

Step 4: Calculate ΔS°

ΔS° = 2*S°(C2H5OH)  + 2*S°(CO2) - S°(glucose)

ΔS° = 2*(160.7 J/K) + 2(213.7 J/K) - 212.1 J/K

ΔS° = 321.4 + 427.4 J/K - 212.1 J/K

ΔS° = 536.7 J/K = 0.5367 kJ/K

Step 5: Calculate ΔG°

ΔG° =ΔH° - T*ΔS°

ΔG° = -67.9 kJ - 298K * 0.5367 kJ/K

ΔG° = -227.8 kJ

Since ΔS° is positive and  ΔH° is negative, ΔG° will be negative

This means ΔG° is negative at all temperature.

A negative ΔG° means the reaction is spontaneous at all temperatures

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How many grams of ethylene glycol (c2h6o2) must be added to 1.00 kg of water to produce a solution that freezes at -5.00oc? (kf
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Answer: 167 g


Explanation:


1) The depression of the freezing point of a solution is a colligative property ruled by this equation:


ΔTf = i × m × Kf


Where:


ΔTf is the decrease of the freezing point of the solvent due to the presence of the solute.


i is the Van't Hoof factor and is equal to the number of ions per each mole of solute. It is only valid for ionic compounds. Here the solute is not ionice, so you take i = 1


Kf is the molal freezing constant and is different for each solvent. For water it is 1.86 m/°C


2) Calculate the molality (m) of the solution


ΔTf = i × m × Kf ⇒ m = ΔTf / ( i × Kf) = 5.00°C / 1.86°C/m = 2.69 m


3) Calculate the number of moles from the molality definition


m = moles of solute / kg of solvent ⇒ moles of solute = m × kg of solvent


moles of solute = 2.69 m × 1.00 kg = 2.69 moles


4) Convert moles to grams using the molar mass


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