<span>The effective nuclear charge of an atom = total electrons - inner electrons
For O, ENC = 8 - 2 = 6
For Li, ENC = 3 - 2 = 1
For C, ENC = 6 - 2 = 4
The electrons in O experience the greatest effective nuclear charge and that is why O is smaller than C (which is smaller than Li).</span>
The function of mordant in the gram staining is to expose grams positive cell to the decolorizer which dissolves the lipids in the cell wall thus allowing the crystals violent-iodine to leach out of the cell. This facilitate the cell subsequently be stained by with safranin.
Environmental Hazards are usually any chemicals that donot naturally occur to exist anywhere and are usually made in the fields of industry or experimental sciences
So if you happen for example to throw a bit of mercury in some river while being in a school trip then this is an environmental hazard created by humans
Answer: Moles of hydrogen required are 4.57 moles to make 146.6 grams of methane,
.
Explanation:
Given: Mass of methane = 146.6 g
As moles is the mass of a substance divided by its molar mass. So, moles of methane (molar mass = 16.04 g/mol) are calculated as follows.

The given reaction equation is as follows.

This shows that 2 moles of hydrogen gives 1 mole of methane. Hence, moles of hydrogen required to form 9.14 moles of methane is as follows.

Thus, we can conclude that moles of hydrogen required are 4.57 moles to make 146.6 grams of methane,
.
Answer:
2445 L
Explanation:
Given:
Pressure = 1.60 atm
Temperature = 298 K
Volume = ?
n = 160 mol
Using ideal gas equation as:

where,
P is the pressure
V is the volume
n is the number of moles
T is the temperature
R is Gas constant having value = 08206 L.atm/K.mol
Applying the equation as:
1.60 atm × V = 160 mol × 0.08206 L.atm/K.mol × 298 K
<u>⇒V = 2445.39 L</u>
Answer to four significant digits, Volume = 2445 L