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When forming an ion, this sodium atom will lose 1 electron, as it is the easiest way to form a full shell, as opposed to gaining 7 electrons.
1 Cal ---------- 4.184 J
? Cal ---------- 130.0 J
130.0 x 1 / 4.184 => 31.07 Cal
hope this helps!
#4 and #5:
To find pH given concentration of H+ or H30+
pH = - log (H+ or H30+ M)
To find pH given concentration of OH-
Since you already found the pH for this (in #4), you subtract #4's answer from 14.
14 - (pH) = pOH
