The answer is (2). If you recall Rutherford's gold foil experiment, remember that a stream of positively charged alpha particles were shot at a gold foil in the center of a detector ring. The important observation was that although most of the particles passed straight through the foil without being deflected, a tiny fraction of the alpha particles were deflected off the axis of the shot, and some were even deflected almost back to the point from which they were shot. The fact that some of the alpha particles were deflected indicated a positive charge (because same charges repel), and the fact that only a small fraction of the particles were deflected indicated that the positive charge was concentrated in a small area, probably residing at the center of the atom.
The method is called the displacement method.
You place some water in the graduated cylinder and measure its volume.
Then you add your object and measure the new volume.
The difference between the two volumes is the volume of your object.
Ca + 2HCl = CaCl₂ + H₂
c=4.50 mol/l
v=2.20 l
n(HCl)=cv
m(Ca)/M(Ca)=n(HCl)/2
m(Ca)=M(Ca)cv/2
m(Ca)=40g/mol·4.50mol/l·2.20l/2=198 g
198 grams of Ca are needed
The mass number is the sum of the protons and neutrons in an atom. 235-92 = 143 neutrons.
Element 92 is Uranium.
Uranium is also the highest atomic number element which exists in nature. All of the rest above element 92 only exist nuclear high-energy reactions (the transuranium elements), and most experience nuclear decay very quickly and form other elements with fewer protons.
