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Leona [35]
3 years ago
13

Problem 9.11 A structural component in the form of a wide plate is to be fabricated from a steel alloy that has a plane strain f

racture toughness of 92 MPa m (klein.)) and a yield strength of 900 MPa (65270 psi). The flaw size resolution limit of the flaw detection apparatus is 3 mm (0.1181 in.). (a) If the design stress is one-half of the yield strength and the value of Y is 1.15, what is the critical flaw length
Engineering
1 answer:
BabaBlast [244]3 years ago
5 0

Answer:

the critical flaw length is 10.06 mm

Explanation:

Given the data in the question;

plane strain fracture toughness K_{tc = 92 Mpa√m

yield strength σ_y = 900 Mpa

design stress is one-half of the yield strength ( 900 Mpa / 2 ) 450 Mpa

Y = 1.15

we know that;

Critical crack length a_c = 1/π( K_{tc / Yσ )²

we substitute

a_c = 1/π( 92 Mpa√m / (1.15 × 450 Mpa  )²

a_c = 1/π( 92 Mpa√m / (517.5 Mpa  )²

a_c = 1/π( 0.177777  )²

a_c = 1/π( 0.03160466 )

a_c = 0.01006 m = 10.06 mm

Therefore, the critical flaw length is 10.06 mm

{ a_c = ( 10.06 mm ) > 3 mm

The critical flow is subject to detection

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About what thickness of aluminum is needed to stop a beam of (a) 2.5-MeV electrons, (b) 2.5-MeV protons, and (c) 10-MeV alpha pa
Nana76 [90]

The thickness of aluminium needed to stop the beam electrons, protons and alpha particles at the given dfferent kinetic energies is 1.5 x 10⁻¹⁴ m.

<h3>Thickness of the aluminum</h3>

The thickness of the aluminum can be determined using from distance of closest approach of the particle.

K.E = \frac{2KZe^2}{r}

where;

  • Z is the atomic number of aluminium  = 13
  • e is charge
  • r is distance of closest approach = thickness of aluminium
  • k is Coulomb's constant = 9 x 10⁹ Nm²/C²
<h3>For 2.5 MeV electrons</h3>

r = \frac{2KZe^2}{K.E} \\\\r = \frac{2 \times 9\times 10^9 \times 13\times (1.6\times 10^{-19})^2}{2.5 \times 10^6 \times 1.6 \times 10^{-19}} \\\\r = 1.5 \times 10^{-14} \ m

<h3>For 2.5 MeV protons</h3>

Since the magnitude of charge of electron and proton is the same, at equal kinetic energy, the thickness will be same. r = 1.5 x 10⁻¹⁴ m.

<h3>For 10 MeV alpha-particles</h3>

Charge of alpah particle = 2e

r = \frac{2KZe^2}{K.E} \\\\r = \frac{2 \times 9\times 10^9 \times 13\times (2 \times 1.6\times 10^{-19})^2}{10 \times 10^6 \times 1.6 \times 10^{-19}} \\\\r = 1.5 \times 10^{-14} \ m

Thus, the thickness of aluminium needed to stop the beam electrons, protons and alpha particles at the given dfferent kinetic energies is 1.5 x 10⁻¹⁴ m.

Learn more about closest distance of approach here: brainly.com/question/6426420

7 0
2 years ago
The waffle slab is: a) the two-way concrete joist framing system. b) a one-way floor and roof framing system. c) the one-way con
GREYUIT [131]

Answer:

a) the two-way concrete joist framing system

Explanation:

A waffle slab is also known as ribbed slab, it is a slab which as waffle like appearance with holes beneath. It is adopted in construction projects that has long length, length more than 12m. The waffle slab is rigid, therefore it is used in building that needs minimal vibration.

4 0
3 years ago
A 15-ft beam weighing 570 lb is lowered by means of two cables unwinding from overhead cranes. As the beam approaches the ground
7nadin3 [17]

Answer:

I. Tension (cable A) ≈ 6939 lbf

II. Tension (cable B) ≈ 17199 lbf

Explanation:

Let's begin by listing out the data that we were given:

mass of beam (m) = 570 lb, deceleration (cable A) = -20 ft/s², deceleration (cable B) = -2 ft/s²,

g = 32.17405 ft/s²

The tension on an object is given by the product of mass of the object by gravitational force plus/minus the product of mass by acceleration.

Mathematically represented thus:

T = mg + ma

where:

T = tension, m = mass, g = gravitational force,

a = acceleration

I. For Cable A, we have:

T = mg + ma = (570 * 32.17405) + [570 * (-20)]

T = 18339.2085 - 11400 = 6939.2085

T ≈ 6939 lbf

II. For Cable B, we have:

T = mg + ma = (570 * 32.17405) + [570 * (-2)]

T = 18339.2085 - 1140 = 17199.2085

T ≈ 17199 lbf

4 0
3 years ago
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Alecsey [184]

Answer:

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6 0
2 years ago
Read 2 more answers
Consider the expansion of a gas at a constant temperature in a water-cooled piston-cylinder system. The constant temperature is
Leona [35]

Answer:

Q_{in} = W_{out} = nRT ln (\frac{V_{2}}{V_{1}})

Explanation:

According to the first thermodynamic law, the energy must be conserved so:

dQ = dU - dW

Where Q is the heat transmitted to the system, U is the internal energy and W is the work done by the system.

This equation can be solved by integration between an initial and a final state:

(1) \int\limits^1_2 {} \, dQ = \int\limits^1_2 {} \, dU - \int\limits^1_2 {} \, dW

As per work definition:

dW = F*dr

For pressure the force F equials the pressure multiplied by the area of the piston, and considering dx as the displacement:

dW = PA*dx

Here A*dx equals the differential volume of the piston, and considering that any increment in volume is a work done by the system, the sign is negative, so:

dW = - P*dV

So the third integral in equation (1) is:

\int\limits^1_2 {- P} \, dV

Considering the gas as ideal, the pressure can be calculated as P = \frac{n*R*T}{V}, so:

\int\limits^1_2 {- P} \, dV = \int\limits^1_2 {- \frac{n*R*T}{V}} \, dV

In this particular case as the systems is closed and the temperature constant, n, R and T are constants:

\int\limits^1_2 {- \frac{n*R*T}{V}} \, dV = -nRT \int\limits^1_2 {\frac{1}{V}} \, dV

Replacion this and solving equation (1) between state 1 and 2:

\int\limits^1_2 {} \, dQ = \int\limits^1_2 {} \, dU + nRT \int\limits^1_2 {\frac{1}{V}} \, dV

Q_{2} - Q_{1} = U_{2} - U_{1} + nRT(ln V_{2} - ln V_{1})

Q_{2} - Q_{1} = U_{2} - U_{1} + nRT ln \frac{V_{2}}{V_{1}}

The internal energy depends only on the temperature of the gas, so there is no internal energy change U_{2} - U_{1} = 0, so the heat exchanged to the system equals the work done by the system:

Q_{in} = W_{out} = nRT ln (\frac{V_{2}}{V_{1}})

4 0
3 years ago
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