Resistance in wires is transformed into thermal energy, you can observe this fact when you are charging your phone and feel the wire is quite hot. That is a result of the resistance.
<u>The answer is not contained detail explanation, just a solution and the required values. </u>
All the details are in the pictures, the answers are marked with orange colour.
Note,
in the task no 20.:

V - the velocity of the pair of the balls after collision.
in the task no 21:
m₁ - the mass of the copper ball; m₂ - the mass of the copper calorimeter; m₃ - the mass of the water; t₀ - the initial temperature of water in the copper calorimeter; θ - the final temperature in the calorimeter after the copper ball is transferred into a copper calorimeter; t₁ - the required initial temperature of the copper ball before it is transferred into the calorimeter.
Yes, ratio can be expressed in percentage.
Answer:

Explanation:
Given that,
Efficiency of heat engine, 
Temperature of hot source, 
We need to find the temperature of cold sink i.e.
. The efficiency of heat engine is given by :




So, the temperature of the cold sink is 256.2°C. Hence, this is the required solution.